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1.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B ; 18(11): 1002-1021, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29119738

ABSTRACT

Lycium ruthenicum is a perennial shrub species that has attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to its nutritional value and ability to thrive in a harsh environment. However, only extremely limited transcriptomic and genomic data related to this species can be found in public databases, thereby limiting breeding research and molecular function analysis. In this study, we characterized the physiological and biochemical responses to saline-alkaline mixed stress by measuring photochemical efficiency, chlorophyll content, and protective enzyme activity. We performed global transcriptomic profiling analysis using the Illumina platform. After optimizing the assembly, a total of 68 063 unique transcript sequences with an average length of 877 bp were obtained. Among these sequences, 4096 unigenes were upregulated and 4381 unigenes were down-regulated after saline-alkaline mixed treatment. The most abundant transcripts and over-represented items were assigned to gene ontology (GO) terms or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and the Genomes (KEGG) categories for overall unigenes, and differentially expressed unigenes were analyzed in detail. Based on this set of RNA-sequencing data, a total of 9216 perfect potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified within 7940 unigenes with a frequency of 1/6.48 kb. A total of 77 primer pairs were synthesized and examined in wet-laboratory experiments, of which 68 loci (88.3%) were successfully amplified with specific products. Eleven pairs of polymorphic primers were verified in 225 individuals from nine populations. The inbreeding coefficient and the polymorphism information content value ranged from 0.011 to 0.179 and from 0.1112 to 0.6750, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.064 to 0.840 and from 0.115 to 0.726, respectively. Nine populations were clustered into three groups based on a genetic diversity study using these novel markers. Our data will be useful for functional genomic investigations of L. ruthenicum and could be used as a basis for further research on the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow of L. ruthenicum and other closely related species.


Subject(s)
Lycium/genetics , Lycium/metabolism , Microsatellite Repeats , Transcriptome , Antioxidants/chemistry , Cell Differentiation , Chlorophyll/chemistry , Expressed Sequence Tags , Gene Flow , Gene Library , Genes, Plant , Genetic Variation , Genome, Plant , Photochemistry , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Genetic , Sequence Analysis, RNA
2.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 46(3): 458-62, 2015 May.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26121874

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new threshold segmentation method for mandible image segmentation. METHODS: CT data of 12 volunteers were exported into Mimics 10. 01. An improved method usinga narrowed threshold range (the maximum threshold range that can segment mandible without manual efforts) was developed in 3D reconstruction, and compared with the traditional method. We used dilation operations to make up the information loss of image borders, by which we obtained an approxinate segment result. A precise segment resultwas eventually arrived with the help of logical operations and region growing. We compared mean time consumptions of the two methods, as well as their 3D reconstruction results using Geomagic Studio 11. 0. RESULTS: The new method generated a success rate of 91. 67% (11/12), with a mean time consumption of (319. 7±125. 3) s. The traditional method took much longer time [(1,261. 3±427. 3) s, P<0. 05] than the new method. Compared with the reconstruction results of traditional method, the new method had an outward deviation of (0. 066±0. 011) mm and an inward deviation of (0. 070±0. 008) mm. Such deviations were less than the minimum distance that a naked eye can discern. The lower limit of the widest threshold range which mandible could be isolated was (507. 72± 100. 31) HU, while the upper limit was (1,133. 33±47. 57) HU. CONCLUSION: The new method we proposed can improve the efficiency of threshold segmentation of mandible.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Humans
3.
Physiol Plant ; 137(2): 166-74, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19678897

ABSTRACT

The vacuolar NHX-type Na(+)/H(+) exchangers play a key role in salt tolerance in plants. However, little is known about the Na(+)/H(+) exchangers in the salt-resistant tree, Populus euphratica. In this study, we identified six putative vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) exchanger genes from P. euphratica, designated as PeNHX1-6. Real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the PeNHX1/3/6 transcripts were abundant compared with the other three PeNHX genes in the three tissues (roots, stems and leaves) examined. After NaCl treatment for 6 h, the transcript levels of PeNHX1-6 were upregulated in the roots. To address the function of PeNHX1-6, complementation studies were performed with the salt-sensitive yeast mutant strain R100, which lacks activity of the endosomal Na(+)/H(+) antiporter NHX1. The results showed that PeNHX1-6 compensates, at least in part, for the function of yeast NHX1. Moreover, PeNHX3 was targeted to the tonoplast when transiently expressed in onion. Together, these results suggest that PeNHX1-6 function as vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) exchangers and that PeNHX products play an important role in the salt resistance of P. euphratica.


Subject(s)
Plant Proteins/genetics , Populus/genetics , Salt-Tolerant Plants/genetics , Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/genetics , Vacuoles/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Plant/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Genetic Complementation Test , Molecular Sequence Data , Multigene Family , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Populus/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Salt-Tolerant Plants/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/metabolism , Vacuoles/metabolism
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