Simultaneous Determination of Night Effective Constituents and Correlation Analysis of Multiconstituents and Antiplatelet Aggregation Bioactivity In Vitro in Chuanxiong Rhizoma Subjected to Different Decoction Times.

Several effective constituents, such as vanillin, ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, coniferyl ferulate, Z-ligustilide, butylphthalide, senkyunolide A, and levistilide A, are unstable and possess mutual transformation relationships in Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR). Traditional Chinese medicine mainly involves decoction, and the content of effective constituents and antiplatelet aggregation bioactivity (AAB) in CR may vary with different decoction time (10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min). Here, we showed that coniferyl ferulate and levistilide A were detected in CR material, but not in the decoction. The effective components possessed transformation and degradation in CR decoction of different times. The effective components and the strength of AAB at 10 and 20 minutes were the strongest, followed by 30-50 minutes, and 60 minutes were the weakest by analysis of SIMCA-PLS in CR decoction of different times. In the Pearson correlation analysis, there were correlations (P < 0.05) between effective components, which were ferulic acid and senkyunolide I (coefficient was 0.976), ferulic acid and senkyunolide H (coefficient was 0.972), senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H (coefficient was 0.982), senkyunolide A and butylphthalide (coefficient was 0.974), senkyunolide A and Z-ligustilide (coefficient was 0.947), and butylphthalide and Z-ligustilide (coefficient was 0.993). Effective components (ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide H) and AAB were correlated and the Pearson correlation coefficients were respectively 0.965, 0.973, and 0.999. In the stepwise regression analysis, senkyunolide H and senkyunolide I were correlated with AAB (P < 0.05). Senkyunolide H (H) was positively correlated with AAB, senkyunolide I (I) was negatively correlated with AAB, and its expression was AAB = 1.187 ∗ H - 0.199 ∗ I - 0.422. These findings indicate that there are some correlations between effective components and AAB in CR.

[Roles of the cross talk between MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways. Its main pathological manifestations include airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. Recent research suggests that MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are involved in the pathological process of inflammation and oxidative stress. This review explores the potential role of the cross talk of these signaling pathways in airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. To clarify the roles of cross talk between MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, we also focus on the drugs related to that in the treatment of COPD, and it provides ideas for more drug research in the treatment of COPD.

[Influence of huatanjiangqi prescription on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 in human bronchial epithelial cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Huatanjiangqi prescription (Sinapis Semen, Perillae Fructus, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix, Inulae Herba, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Honey-fried Ephedrae Herba) on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: The human bronchial epithelial cells line 16HBE140- was used to analyze the in vitro effect of Huatanjiangqi prescription on MRP1 transport. 5-CFDA was used as a model MRP1 substrate and was measured with flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of MRP1 was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Huatanjiangqi prescription could promote the proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE140- in a certain range of concentration; Compared with the control group (5-CFDA), low, medium and high concentration (100, 1 000, 2 000 microg/mL) of Huatanjiangqi prescription on MRP1 function were increased by 22.59%, 47.14% and 68.36%, respectively; Huatanjiangqi prescription could concentration-dependently induce the expression of MRP1 mRNA, medium and high concentration could induce a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Huatanjiangqi prescription can improve MRP1 efflux function and mRNA levels in a concetration-dependent manner.

Allyl isothiocyanate increases MRP1 function and expression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line.

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, plays an important role in normal lung physiology by protecting cells against oxidative stress and toxic xenobiotics. The present study investigates the effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on MRP1 mRNA and MRP1 protein expression and transporter activity in the immortalised human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o-. MRP1 mRNA and MRP1 protein expression in 16HBE14o- cells that were treated with allyl isothiocyanate were analysed by real-time PCR assay and Western blotting. The transport of carboxyfluorescein, a known MRP1 substrate, was measured by functional flow cytometry to evaluate MRP1 activity. Treatment with AITC at concentrations of 5-40 µM increased MRP1 protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. AITC treatments at concentrations of 1-40 µM caused concentration-dependent increases in MRP1 mRNA levels that were up to seven times greater than the levels found in control cells. Finally, AITC treatment at concentrations of 5-40 µM significantly increased MRP1-dependent efflux in 16HBE14o- cells. These results suggest that AITC can increase the expression and activity of MRP1 in 16HBE14o- cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The upregulation of MRP1 activity and expression by AITC could produce therapeutic effects in the treatment of lung disease.

[Spread of rectal cancer in the distal mesorectum: a report of 46 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Total mesorectum excision (TME) for rectal cancer may reduce local recurrence by complete eradication of metastatic foci in the distal mesorectum. While the spread regulation of rectal cancer in the distal mesorectum and ideal length of mesorectum resection are still unclear. This study was to investigate the spread of rectal cancer in the distal mesorectum. METHODS: The whole-mount section with HE staining was used to detect tumor spread in the mesorectum of 46 rectal cancer patients. The correlation of tumor spread to clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed by Logistic regression. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of distal mural invasion of rectal cancer was 10.9% with the maximal distance of 1.5 cmû that of distal mesorectum spread was 21.7% with the maximal distance of 4.0 cm, which included metastasis in lymph nodes, solitary tumor foci, vessel and perineural invasion. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage was the only significant factor influencing distal spread of rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Spread of rectal cancer in the distal mesorectum is common. Resecting at least 5 cm of the mesorectum distal to rectal cancer is recommended.