ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are many controversies over the necessity of monitoring gastric residual volume in the nursing care of enteral nutrition. We aimed to conduct an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of monitoring or not monitoring gastric residual volume on patients' outcomes and complications. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library database to 15 April 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of gastric residual volume and no gastric residual volume monitoring. Review Manager software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of seven RCTs involving 1240 enteral nutrition patients were included. Gastric residual volume monitoring was associated with reduced incidence of vomiting (OR2.33, 95% CI:1.68-3.24), whereas no gastric residual volume monitoring was associated with reduced incidence of unnecessary interruptions of enteral nutrition (OR0.38,95% CI:0.26-0.55). There were no significant differences on the incidence of abdominal distention (OR1.87, 95% CI:0.82-4.28), diarrhoea (OR1.03,95% CI:0.74-1.43), VAP (OR0.83, 95%CI:0.37-1.89), duration of mechanical ventilation (MD -0.06,95% CI:-1.22-1.10), length of ICU stay (MD -1.33, 95% CI:-3.58-0.91) and mortality (OR0.90,95% CI:0.61-1.34). CONCLUSIONS: Not monitoring gastric residual volume is associated with reduced unnecessary interruptions of enteral nutrition related to inadequate feeding and increased risk of vomiting.
Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Enteral Nutrition , Humans , Critical Illness/therapy , Residual Volume , Respiration, Artificial , Vomiting , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
At least one-third of the 34 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide are infected with latent tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the rate of HIV infection in TB patients and its determinants in Wuxi City, China. TB patients attending health institutions (12 selected sites) for TB diagnosis and treatment were enrolled in this study. TB diagnosis, treatment and HIV testing were done according to the national guidelines. Blood samples were collected for anonymous HIV testing. Among the TB patients, the HIV prevalence was 13.66% (1493/10,926). Multivariate analysis showed that gender, age, education, marital status, per capita monthly income, patient residence, family size, distance from a health institution, knowledge of HIV-TB co-infection, and knowledge of HIV may be risk factors for HIV-TB co-infection (all: odds ratio > 1, p < 0.05). The prevalence of TB in those with HIV was higher among the study participants. Improving public awareness of HIV-TB co-infection, regularly screening and improving follow-up can reduce the occurrence of HIV-TB co-infection.
