ABSTRACT
Tinnitus is the most common symptom in otorhinolaryngology. In the past, tinnitus was often localized in the auditory system lesions, causing a great amount of idiopathic tinnitus patients inadequately treated. At present, it is believed that the pathogenesis of tinnitus not only originates from auditory system itself, but also participates in systemic disorders. In recent years, investigating in the effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux on tinnitus is undergoing rapid progress. This review highlights the current state of relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and tinnitus, which may provide a new systemic insight into diagnosis and treatment on tinnitus as well as laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Subject(s)
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/complications , Tinnitus/etiology , Humans , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Tinnitus/therapyABSTRACT
Using serial perfusion lung scans, we have documented the opening up and closure of right-to-left intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts over a period of several weeks in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The presence of the shunts correlates well with the severity of hypoxemia and the presence of nodular mottling on chest radiographs. The time course of these changes with clinical status suggests lability and the functional nature of these shunts.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/complications , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Veins/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Arteriovenous Fistula/etiology , Humans , Male , Radionuclide Imaging , Serum Albumin , Technetium , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated AlbuminSubject(s)
Cholesterol, Dietary , Glucose/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Lipids/blood , Liver/metabolism , Peroxides/blood , Animals , Cholesterol/metabolism , Dietary Fats , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Methylglucosides/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione)/metabolism , RabbitsABSTRACT
An in vivo method for the determination of Cd levels in human kidney and liver has been developed. The method allows detection of absolute quantities of Cd in the left kidney and Cd concentration in the liver. The limit of detection of cadmium is 2.5 mg for the left kidney and 1.8 microgram/g (wet weight) for the liver, for a localized dose of 670 mrem. The effects of patient positioning, organ geometry and liver-kidney interference on the measurement have been investigated using an Alderson phantom.
Subject(s)
Cadmium/analysis , Kidney/analysis , Liver/analysis , Humans , Neutron Activation Analysis/instrumentation , Spectrometry, Gamma/instrumentationABSTRACT
Diets higher in carbohydrate, fat or protein (diets 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were formulated isoenergetically with or without ethanol to study their effects on the accumulation of hepatic total lipids in rats fed for a period of 8 weeks. Ethanol ingestion did not affect body weight gain of rats fed diet 1, but diets 2 and 3 resulted in decreased weight gain as compared to the pair-fed controls. These body weight changes between control and ethanol groups were significant 2 weeks after beginning the treatment. Ethanol administration did not change hepatic weights of rats fed diet 1, but increased hepatic weights of rats fed diets 2 and 3. Higher protein alone in the diet increased liver weight. Ethanol intake increased the hepatic total lipid content of rats fed diets 2 and 3, but did not affect those fed diet 1 compared to their pair-fed controls. Hepatic cholesterol content increased in rats fed both the higher protein and higher fat diets. Both weight gain, liver weight, and hepatic total lipids consistently showed that the rats consuming 39% wheat starch as carbohydrate were not adversely affected by ethanol ingestion while those groups fed higher fat or higher protein with ethanol were adversely affected. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Subject(s)
Diet , Ethanol/pharmacology , Fatty Liver/etiology , Alcoholism/complications , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Caseins/pharmacology , Cholesterol/metabolism , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Proteins , Energy Intake , Humans , Lipid Metabolism , Liver/anatomy & histology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Organ Size , Rats , Starch/pharmacology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Oral type 1 and genital type 2 Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) strains demonstrate distinctive biological properties in primary chick embryo cells (PCE) cultivated in microtest plates. With this procedure four reference strains of known types and 106 clinical isolates were differentiated as type 1 or 2. The type 1 strains showed low efficiency of infection and either no cytopathic effect (CPE) or only an incomplete CPE characterized by uniform thinning of the cell sheet in test wells. Type 2 strains had a high efficiency of infection and with CPE characterized by patchy plaque-like lesions readily distinguished from CPE of type 1 strains. A 96% correlation (27/28) between the PCE microtyping and kinetic neutralization tests and a 94% correlation (60/64) between the PCE microtyping and immunofluorescence test was obtained. The microplate PCE test is a simple, clear-cut, and reliable procedure for the typing of HVH.
