Reducing tumescent anesthetic injection pain by topical anesthesia pretreatment among patients undergoing endovenous radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Tumescent anesthesia frequently causes the intraoperative and postoperative pain during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of varicose veins. We have to find a way to reduce pain caused by these injections. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of topical anesthesia pretreatment (TAP) on relieving needle puncture pain during administration of tumescent anesthesia among patients undergoing RFA of varicose veins. METHODS: Eligible patients treated with RFA were recruited and randomized to either application of TAP with lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) or water-based cream (placebo). The primary outcome was patient described pain scores on the visual analogue scale (VAS) at different time points during the procedure. Secondary outcomes were technical success rate, complications, satisfaction level, expense, and extra analgesia use. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were randomized: 32 to EMLA and 30 to placebo. Both groups had comparable baseline demographics, CEAP classification, and Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Less tumescent anesthetic needle puncture pain was found in the EMLA group (22 ± 7 vs 42 ± 8, p < .01). Pain scores of other time points were equivalent. There was less pain in EMLA pretreated area compared to non-pretreated area in the same patient during needle puncture (22 ± 7 vs 45 ± 7, p < .01), and similar phenomena did not appear in the placebo group. There was no statistical difference in complications, satisfaction level, expense, and technical success between the two groups. And no extra analgesia was used in all patients. CONCLUSION: We recommend the routine use of TAP to reduce the needle puncture pain during tumescent anesthesia in RFA of lower extremity varicose veins.

miR-630 functions as a tumor oncogene in renal cell carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple cell processes during cancer progression. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of miR-630 in RCC progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Expression of miR-630 was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in four renal cancer cell lines (786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2) and one normal human proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2). Next, miR-630 inhibitor was used to inhibit miR-630 expression in 786-O cells. Finally, its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-630 was higher in renal cancer cell lines 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2 than that in the normal renal cell line HK-2 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, migration assay and invasion assay were performed, and the results showed that down-regulation of miR-630 expression by miR-630 inhibitor significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which meanwhile induced cell apoptosis of the renal cancer cell line 786-O. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that miR-630 expression has been shown to be associated with renal cancer progression, and down-regulation of miR-630 can inhibit tumor progression, which provides a potential therapeutic target for renal cancer treatment.

Up-regulation of miR-630 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is associated with lower overall survival.

INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes during cancer progression. MiR-630 has recently been identified to be involved in tumorigenesis of several cancers such as lung cancer and gastric cancer. However, the regulation of miR-630 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not yet been reported before. METHODS: Expression of miR-630 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR in tumour and their normal matched tissues in n = 92 ccRCC patients, and its association with overall survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-630 was significantly higher in renal cancer in comparison to normal matched tissue (P < 0.05). It is also proved that miR-630 expression was to be associated with renal cancer histologic grade, lymphnode metastasis, distant metastasis (P < 0.05). In addition, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that high miR-630 expression was associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. miR-630 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall ccRCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The study proves for the first time that miR-630 is upregulated in a majority of ccRCC patients. It also shows that miR-630 expression is an independent prognostic factor for patients with renal cancer, which might be a potential valuable biomarker for ccRCC.