Initial microbiome and tree root status structured the soil microbial community discrepancy of the subtropical pine-oak forest in a large urban forest park.

Plant-microbe-soil interactions control over the forest biogeochemical cycling. Adaptive plant-soil interactions can shape specific microbial taxa in determining the ecosystem functioning. Different trees produce heterogeneous soil properties and can alter the composition of soil microbial community, which is relevant to the forest internal succession containing contrasting stand types such as the pine-oak forests. Considering representative microbial community characteristics are recorded in the original soil where they had adapted and resided, we constructed a soil transplant incubation experiment in a series of in situ root-ingrowth cores in a subtropical pine-oak forest, to simulate the vegetational pine-oak replacement under environmental succession. The responsive bacterial and fungal community discrepancies were studied to determine whether and how they would be changed. The pine and oak forest stands had greater heterogeneity in fungi composition than bacteria. Original soil and specific tree root status were the main factors that determined microbial community structure. Internal association network characters and intergroup variations of fungi among soil samples were more affected by original soil, while bacteria were more affected by receiving forest. Specifically, dominant tree roots had strong influence in accelerating the fungi community succession to adapt with the surrounding forest. We concluded that soil microbial responses to forest stand alternation differed between microbiome groups, with fungi from their original forest possessing higher resistance to encounter a new vegetation stand, while the bacteria community have faster resilience. The data would advance our insight into local soil microbial community dynamics during ecosystem succession and be helpful to enlighten forest management.

Diagnostic Performance of [18F]AlF-Thretide PET/CT in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Using Histopathology as Reference Standard.

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: In total, 49 patients with biopsy-proven PCa were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients underwent [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT, and the scoring system of the PRIMARY trial was used for PET image analysis. The dosimetry evaluation of [18F]AlF-thretide was performed on 3 patients. Pathologic examination was used as the reference standard to evaluate the location, number, size, and Gleason score of tumors, for comparison with the [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT results. PSMA expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results: All patients tolerated the [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT well. The total effective dose of [18F]AlF-thretide was 1.16E-02 mSv/MBq. For patient-based analysis of intraprostatic tumors, 46 of 49 (93.9%) patients showed pathologic uptake on [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT. For lesion-based analysis of intraprostatic tumors, the sensitivity and positive predictive value for [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT were 58.2% and 90.5%, respectively. Delayed images can detect more lesions than standard images (n = 57 vs. 49, P = 0.005), and the SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio of the former were higher than those of the latter (SUVmax: 14.5 ± 16.7 vs. 11.4 ± 13.6, P < 0.001; tumor-to-background ratio: 37.1 ± 42.3 vs. 23.1 ± 27.4, P < 0.001). The receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for PRIMARY score-predicted true-positive and false-positive lesions were significantly higher than those for the SUVmax of standard images (P = 0.015) and seemed higher than those for the SUVmax of delayed images (P = 0.257). [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT showed a higher detection rate than multiparametric MRI for all intraprostatic foci (53.5% vs. 40.8%, P = 0.012) and clinically significant PCa (75.0% vs. 61.4%, P = 0.031). Conclusion: [18F]AlF-thretide PET/CT showed high diagnostic value for patients with primary PCa and can be used as an excellent imaging modality for preoperative evaluation of PCa patients.

Digital product import and domestic value-added ratio of export: Theory and demonstration.

Based on the matching of the database of China Industry Business Performance and China Customs Trade from 2000 to 2013, this paper constructs the digital product import index, and adopts the method of panel data modeling to systematically investigate the impact and mechanism of digital product import on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese enterprises' export from the theoretical and empirical aspects. The research finds that the import of digital products significantly promotes the improvement of the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export, and the core conclusion is still valid after considering the endogeneity of variables, changing the measurement index and estimation method. The mechanism test finds that the import of digital products improves the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export through two channels: cost markup and relative price. In addition, the heterogeneity test finds that the import of digital products has a stronger effect on the improvement of the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export in non-export enterprises, pure general trading enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, labor-intensive enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region.

[68Ga]Ga­LNC1007 PET/CT in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma: comparison with 2-[18F]FDG/[68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

PURPOSE: To compare the potential efficiency of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 with 2-[18F]FDG/[68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detecting renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to explore parameters derived from [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT for discriminating pathological characteristics in RCC. METHODS: Twenty-five RCC patients confirmed by pathology were enrolled in this prospective study. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), gross tumor volume (GTV) and total lesion-tracer (TL-tracer) of lesions were calculated from the corresponding PET/CT images. Pathological characteristics included World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grade and adverse pathological features (tumor necrosis or sarcomatoid or rhabdoid feature). RESULTS: [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT showed a higher detection rate for primary lesions than 2-[18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA (LNC1007 vs. FDG: 13/17 vs. 4/17, P = 0.005; LNC1007 vs. PSMA: 9/11 vs. 6/11, P = 0.361). [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT showed higher SUVmax (6.6 vs. 3.7, P = 0.005), SUVmean (4.1 vs. 2.3, P = 0.001) and TBR (2.6 vs. 1.7, P = 0.011) compared with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT, and it also showed higher TBR (2.9 vs. 0.5, P = 0.003), TBR-delay (2.8 vs. 0.3, P = 0.003), GTV (84.1 vs. 42.9, P = 0.003) and TL-tracer (442.7 vs. 235.8, P = 0.008) compared with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT. SUVmax and TBR derived from [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 PET/CT could effectively differentiate WHO/ISUP grade (3-4 vs. 1-2) and adverse pathological features (positive vs. negative) (SUVmax: AUC 0.81, P = 0.04; AUC 0.80, P = 0.033; TBR: AUC 0.84, P = 0.026; AUC 0.85, P = 0.014). The SUVmax was positively correlated with the FAP expression, integrin αvß3 expression and the total expression of FAP and integrin αvß3 (r = 0.577, P = 0.006, r = 0.701, P < 0.001, and r = 0.702, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: [68Ga]Ga-LNC1007 is a promising tracer for RCC imaging and can effectively identify aggressive pathological characteristics of RCC.

Head-to-head comparisons of enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying adverse pathology of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study

ABSTRACT Objectives: Accurate preoperative prediction of adverse pathology is crucial for treatment planning of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Previous studies have emphasized the potential of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) in differentiating between benign and malignant localized renal tumors. However, there is a scarcity of case reports elucidating the identification of aggressive pathological features using PET/CT. Our study was designed to prospectively compare the diagnostic value of enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with necrosis or sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation. Materials and Methods: A prospective case series of patients with a newly diagnosed renal mass who underwent enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT within 30 days prior to nephrectomy was included. Complete preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological data were recorded. Patients who received neoadjuvant targeted therapy, declined enhanced CT or PET/CT scanning, refused surgical treatment or had non-ccRCC pathological indications were excluded. Radiological parameters were compared within subgroups of pathological characteristics. Bonferroni corrections were used to adjust for multiple testing and statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.017. Results: Seventy-two patients were available for the final analysis. Enhanced CT demonstrated poor performance in identifying necrosis, sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation and adverse pathology (all P > 0.05). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was more effective than 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying tumor necrosis and adverse pathology, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (cutoff value=25.26, p<0.001; Delong test z=2.709, p=0.007) for tumor necrosis and AUC of 0.90 (cutoff value=25.26, p<0.001; Delong test z=3.433, p<0.001) for adverse pathology. However, no significant statistical difference was found between 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting sarcomatoid or rhabdoid feature (AUC of 0.91 vs.0.75, Delong test z=1.998, p=0.046). Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, tumor location, maximal diameter, stage and WHO/ISUP grade demonstrated that 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT SUVmax had a significant predictive value for adverse pathology. Enhanced CT value and SUVmax demonstrated strong reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.80], indicating a robust correlation. Conclusions: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrates distinct advantages in identifying aggressive pathological features of primary ccRCC when compared to enhanced CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Further research and assessment are warranted to fully establish the clinical utility of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in ccRCC.

Ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with minimal x-ray exposure prevented genitourinary tract injury patients with urolithiasis in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the use of ultrasound-guided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to break stones in the genitourinary tract and prevent genitourinary injury. Our goals were to achieve accurate focusing and minimal X-ray exposure for the benefit of the patients. METHODS: The LiteMed LM-9200 lithotripter with ultrasonography and fluoroscopy was used for two different procedures: autoaimed and autoperiodical. These procedures enabled dual focusing on stone localization and tracking. RESULTS: Out of 108 patients who underwent autoperiodical procedures, 29 had no gross hematuria. Among the 335 patients who received autoaimed procedures, 194 had no gross hematuria. The average duration of X-ray exposure during autoperiodical and autoaimed procedures was 120 and 50 s, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound-guided ESWL with minimal X-ray exposure was found to be useful in treating genitourinary upper-tract urolithiasis in the autoaimed procedure. Patients who underwent the autoaimed procedure experienced less gross hematuria compared to those who underwent the autoperiodical procedure.

68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Hepatic Metastasis From Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

ABSTRACT: A 53-year-old man underwent both 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT to evaluate a mass in the left upper abdomen. The scans demonstrated intense uptake of both 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-PSMA in the mass. However, a nodule in the left lobe of the liver showed increased uptake of 68 Ga-PSMA, which was not FDG avid. Histopathological examination after surgical resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G2). Subsequently, 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrated intense radioactivity of the nodule in the left lobe of the liver consistent with hepatic metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor.

Head-to-head comparisons of enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying adverse pathology of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate preoperative prediction of adverse pathology is crucial for treatment planning of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Previous studies have emphasized the potential of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) in differentiating between benign and malignant localized renal tumors. However, there is a scarcity of case reports elucidating the identification of aggressive pathological features using PET/CT. Our study was designed to prospectively compare the diagnostic value of enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with necrosis or sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective case series of patients with a newly diagnosed renal mass who underwent enhanced CT, 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT within 30 days prior to nephrectomy was included. Complete preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological data were recorded. Patients who received neoadjuvant targeted therapy, declined enhanced CT or PET/CT scanning, refused surgical treatment or had non-ccRCC pathological indications were excluded. Radiological parameters were compared within subgroups of pathological characteristics. Bonferroni corrections were used to adjust for multiple testing and statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.017. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were available for the final analysis. Enhanced CT demonstrated poor performance in identifying necrosis, sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation and adverse pathology (all P > 0.05). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was more effective than 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying tumor necrosis and adverse pathology, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (cutoff value=25.26, p<0.001; Delong test z=2.709, p=0.007) for tumor necrosis and AUC of 0.90 (cutoff value=25.26, p<0.001; Delong test z=3.433, p<0.001) for adverse pathology. However, no significant statistical difference was found between 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting sarcomatoid or rhabdoid feature (AUC of 0.91 vs.0.75, Delong test z=1.998, p=0.046). Subgroup analyses based on age, sex, tumor location, maximal diameter, stage and WHO/ISUP grade demonstrated that 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT SUVmax had a significant predictive value for adverse pathology. Enhanced CT value and SUVmax demonstrated strong reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.80], indicating a robust correlation. CONCLUSIONS: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT demonstrates distinct advantages in identifying aggressive pathological features of primary ccRCC when compared to enhanced CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Further research and assessment are warranted to fully establish the clinical utility of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in ccRCC.

Head-to-head comparisons of 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluating patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a prospective pilot study.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the uptake of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA)-11 and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and investigate the correlation between radiological parameters and pathological features of UTUC. METHODS: Clinicopathologic and imaging data were collected from 10 UTUC patients who underwent preoperative 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. The diagnostic capabilities of both imaging techniques were analyzed and compared in UTUC. Angiogenesis in the malignancies was assessed using Chalkley counting and the expression of folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in UTUC were evaluated in the surgical specimens. Double immunofluorescence staining of PSMA and CD34 was used to examine tumor neovascularization. Tracer uptake and expression were compared and explored. Additionally, 10 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were included for prospective, comparative research. RESULTS: Ten UTUC patients with 12 malignant lesions and another 10 ccRCC patients were included. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a more effective detection of UTUC foci compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (the SUVmax of 18.48 ± 6.73 vs. 4.38 ± 1.45, P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the expression of PSMA and GLUT1 in UTUC (P = 0.048), with higher pathological grades showing more intense GLUT1 staining than PSMA (75% vs. 12.5%). The Chalkley counting of angiogenesis in ccRCC was significantly higher than that in UTUC (229.34 vs. 71.67), which was proportional to 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT SUVmax (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET/CT holds better clinical potential for evaluating UTUC and detecting lymph node metastasis compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, likely due to the relatively scant expression of FOLH1 in tumor neovascular endothelium while the abundant expression of GLUT1 in malignancy. Furthermore, the lower neovascular density in UTUC should not be overlooked.

Examining the potential role of ICT diffusion on green growth: does financial development matter in BRICS economies?

Green growth refers to the economic growth strategy, which is less detrimental to natural assets, predominantly the environment. Therefore, the main motive of investment and innovation activities should be to attain economic growth while sustainably utilizing natural assets. In this regard, we aim to explore whether ICT diffusion and financial development matter for attaining green economic growth in BRICS economies. The long-run autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) results show that internet development exerts a positive influence on green growth in four BRICS economies excluding India. However, the long-run estimates of mobile cellular subscriptions are positive only in Russia and China. On the other side, the increase in bank credit and insurance premium also contributes to the long-run green economic growth in almost all BRICS economies. Policymakers should focus on the increased use of ICT in the economy that would replace the physical resources in the economy with information resources. Besides, financial services should be provided to individuals and small and medium enterprises involved in green consumption and production activities.

Head-to-head comparisons of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, multiparametric MRI, and prostate-specific antigen for the evaluation of therapeutic responses to neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy in high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer patients: a prospective study.

PURPOSE: The optimal tool to evaluate the tumour therapeutic responses to neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) in patients with high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain. We compared the role of [68Ga]-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 positron emission tomography/computerized tomography ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT), multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and assessed the practical value of the recent European Association of Urology and European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EAU/EANM) recommended criteria of PSMA PET/CT to evaluate the therapeutic responses to NCHT in patients with high-risk non-metastatic PCa. METHODS: This prospective study included 72 high-risk non-metastatic PCa patients receiving NCHT followed by radical prostatectomy from June 2021 to March 2022. PSA testing, [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and mpMRI scanning were conducted in all patients before and after NCHT. Therapeutic responses to NCHT were evaluated with PSA, RECIST 1.1, PERCIST 1.0, and EAU/EANM recommended criteria. Postoperative pathological results were considered the reference standard. A favourable pathological response was defined as pathologic complete remission (pCR) or minimal residual disease (MRD). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen's kappa index. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictive value of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived parameters. RESULTS: All cases experienced a marked decrease in PSA levels after NCHT. Twenty-four (33.33%) cases experienced a favourable pathological response, including five (6.94%) cases of pCR and 19 (26.39%) cases of MRD. According to the results of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, EAU/EANM recommended criteria indicated that 20 (27.78%) cases had a CR, whereas PERCIST 1.0 criteria indicated that 23 (31.94%) cases had a CR. There was a strong association between EAU/EANM recommended criteria and PERCIST 1.0 criteria (Pearson's R=0.857). The sensitivity (75.00%, 79.17% vs. 58.33%, 58.33%), specificity (95.83%, 91.67% vs. 83.33%, 68.75%), PLR (18.00, 9.50 vs. 3.50, 1.87), NLR (0.26, 0.23 vs. 0.50, 0.61), PPV (90.0%, 82.6% vs. 63.6%, 48.3%), and NPV (88.5%, 89.8% vs. 80.0%, 76.7%) of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (including EAU/EANM recommended criteria and PERCIST 1.0 criteria) to predict favourable pathological responses were all superior to those of mpMRI and nadir PSA. The kappa index to predict a favourable pathological response was 0.257 for PSA, 0.426 for RECIST 1.1, 0.716 for PERCIST 1.0, and 0.739 for EAU/EANM recommended criteria. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the post-NCHT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) before radical prostatectomy was an independent predictor of a favourable pathological response to NCHT. CONCLUSIONS: [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT had a better concordance with a favourable pathological response to NCHT compared with nadir PSA and mpMRI. EAU/EANM recommended criteria and PERCIST 1.0 criteria performed equally to identify pathological responders when [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was used as a therapeutic response assessment tool.

Low TLR and PSMA-TV predict biochemical response to abiraterone acetate in metastatic prostate cancer patients developing castration resistance after chemohormonal therapy at hormone-sensitive stage.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived parameters could predict biochemical response to abiraterone acetate (AA) treatment and prognosis in metastatic prostate cancer patients developing castration resistance after chemohormonal therapy at hormone-sensitive stage. METHODS: The clinicopathologic data of 106 mCRPC cases receiving AA treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of biochemical response to AA treatment. Cox analyses were applied to investigate the independent prognostic factors for time to biochemical progression (TTBP) and radiological progression-free survival (rPFS). Survival analysis and ROC curve were also used. RESULTS: Multivariable Logistic analysis demonstrated that prior ADT duration ≥ 12 months, low prostate specific membrane antigen receptor-expressing tumor volume (PSMA-TV), low tumor to liver ratio (TLR) were independent predictors of biochemical response to AA treatment. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that low PSMA-TV and low TLR were independent prognostic factors of longer TTBP and rPFS. The TTBP and rPFS of patients with higher PSMA-TV or TLR were significantly decreased compared with that of patients with lower PSMA-TV and TLR. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of combining ADT duration, PSMA-TV and TLR was 0.82 for predicting biochemical response to AA, which was significantly increased compared with that of other 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived parameters alone. CONCLUSIONS: Low PSMA-TV, low TLR were vital independent predictors of biochemical response to AA treatment and were associated with preferable prognosis in mCRPC patients. Combining ADT duration, PSMA-TV and TLR performed well in distinguishing AA responders from non-responders in mCRPC patients.

Analysis of the current situation and trend of infectious disease public health emergencies in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract：Objective To evaluate the basic development status of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022, analyze the distribution and characteristics of these emergencies, as to provide important scientific basis for the study and formulation of economic health development planning policies, for the health security policies and infectious disease prevention and control strategies in Hainan Province. Methods The relevant statistical data of public health emergencies involving infectious diseases reported in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected, and the status quo of these emergencies was analyzed by using descriptive data statistical analysis method. The ARIMA model was used to predict the number of public health emergencies reported by infectious diseases in Hainan Province from 2023 to 2025. Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 482 public health emergencies were reported in Hainan Province, of which 426 were infectious disease public health emergencies, accounting for 88.38%, with a total of 8 876 cases, an incidence rate of 0.61%, and eight deaths, a case fatality rate of 0.09%. The major public health emergencies of infectious diseases were unclassified events and general events, accounting for 69.25% and 29.58%, respectively. The main diseases were novel coronavirus infection, chickenpox and hand, foot and mouth disease, accounting for 45.07%, 15.49% and 11.97%, respectively; in terms of time distribution, the number of reported incidents showed an upward trend over time, with a decline in 2021, and mainly had three peak periods, April, August and December, with a total of 220 cases reported; in terms of regional distribution, the major cities and counties reported were Haikou, Wanning and Wenchang, accounting for 27.46%, 19.25% and 9.86%, respectively; in terms of location distribution, the events mainly occurred in schools, accounting for 42.02% of the total number of incidents. The ARIMA(1, 1, 0) model was used to predict infectious disease public health emergencies, and the results showed that the forecast state would be stable from 2023 to 2025, with no obvious upward trend, that is, the fluctuation range of public health emergencies related to infectious diseases in Hainan Province would be stable in the next three years. Conclusion The number of infectious disease public health emergencies reported in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 has increased year by year, with a decline in 2021. Although the forecast shows that public health emergencies such as infectious diseases are relatively stable with no obvious upward trend, the prevention and control of the epidemic should not be taken lightly. Hainan Province should continue to increase the investment in monitoring public health emergencies, improve the information system of public disease prevention and control, and carry out real-time monitoring of public health emergencies of infectious diseases.

Public perceptions About Foreign Investment, A PLS-SEM Analysis toward republic sustainable infrastructure.

Over the years, Pakistan and China have developed strong bilateral trade and economic linkages. China Pakistan economic corridors (CPEC) is a multidimensional development plan, encircling several diverse projects and the Chinese government is going to invest a huge amount in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on several different projects. CPEC is an approach toward economic stability for both countries in the globalized world and is known as a game changer in this region. In the present study China-Pakistan economics door has been discussed, to check the CPEC implementations situation, its restraints, challenges, and benefits. An empirical process was adopted to check public opinion about it with aimed public perceptions About Foreign Investment, A PLS-SEM Analysis toward republic sustainable infrastructure. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed that there is direct relationship among IV and DV, these results offer support to hypotheses H1-H6 accepted. We have also looked at the levels of education and gender of the respondents as control variables, gender and education showed insignificant relationships with CPEC. It means there is no direct relationship between gender and education to DV. Age significantly moderates the relationship of CPEC associated with IV, depicts the moderation role of age on the relationship, under this research H2a and H3a have significant relationships with age as a moderator while other moderators did not show any relationship. In the current study, there is a significant relationship among all parameters, and there is a medium to strong correlation between diverse variables. The study showed that CPEC will have positive and strong impacts on the economic development of both countries and public of Pakistan consider it can open many doors for them for education, jobs and tourism. This study can help policy makers to make policy to make more effective policy in this are for sustainable development.

Predicting happiness levels of European immigrants and natives: An application of Artificial Neural Network and Ordinal Logistic Regression.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the happiness factors and assess the performance of machine learning techniques on predicting the happiness levels of European immigrants and natives. Two types of machine learning methods, Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), are employed for analytical modeling. Our results with a total sample size of 196,724 respondents from nine rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) indicate that the determinants of happiness for immigrants and natives are significantly inconsistent. Therefore, variables should be specifically selected to predict the happiness levels of these two different groups. The sensitivity analysis shows that satisfaction with life, subjective general health, and the highest level of education are the three most prominent determinants that contribute to the happiness of immigrants and natives. The overall accuracies of OLR and ANN baseline models are >80%. This can be further improved by building models for each individual country. The application of OLR and ANN implies that machine learning algorithms can be a useful tool for predicting happiness levels. The greater knowledge of migration and happiness will allow us to better understand the decision-making processes and construct more effective policies.

Does Income Inequality Harm Green Growth? The BRICS Experience.

Green growth plays a vital role in ensuring sustainable development. Managing economic growth without disrupting the environment is considered the need of the present time. Therefore, the empirics have turned their attention toward finding the determinants of green growth. Hence, we aim to investigate the impact of income inequality on green growth in BRICS economies from 1993 to 2020. Findings of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model confirm that the long-run estimate attached to GINI is negatively significant, implying that higher inequality in the BRICS economies lowers the rate of green growth. The country-wise results highlighted the negative impact of GINI on green growth in India and China only and insignificant in other countries. In the short run, the estimates are inconclusive and mixed, be it group-wise or individual estimates. Our findings imply that the target of lower inequality and environmental sustainability can be achieved simultaneously.

Examining the effects of information and communications technology on green growth and environmental performance, socio-economic and environmental cost of technology generation: A pathway toward environment sustainability.

Human capital and ICT have a significant role in determining human development. The impacts of ICT and human capital on green growth and environmental sustainability should be explored for sustainable economic development. This research contributes to the literature on the role of ICTs and human capital in the determination of green growth and environmental performance. Based on time-series data 1990-2019, the study intends to investigate the impact of ICTs and human capital on environmental and green growth performance for China. The study reports that ICTs tend to reduce CO2 emissions and improve green growth in the long-run. However, education reduces CO2 emissions in the long-run but does not produce any significant impact on green growth in the long-run. It is suggested that government should invest in environmental efficiency and environmental technologies simultaneously with human capital that could significantly contribute to pollution reduction. Lastly, policies to increase human capital should be implemented simultaneously with policies to promote ICTs contribution in order to confirm green growth and environmental protection.

A PLS-SEM Analysis to Check Public Willingness to Use Water from Filtration Plants Installed by Public Own Organizations; a Study of Psychological Behavior Toward Sustainable Development.

Introduction: Water is the basic need of human beings and there is no substitute for water. This research was conducted to analyze public willingness to use water from filtration plants installed by public own Organizations and which psychological factors may help them to decide to use safe water. Methods: There ought to be some nudges in the right direction to encourage people to use water filters. A questionnaire was adopted from the literature for this research. PLS-SEM is used to evaluate data to check the connection among variables since it is the most recommended way for assessing and predicting explained variables to account for the largest latent variance, and PLS-SEM is one of the most effective approaches for predicting outcomes. Results: PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed that hypotheses H1-H6 were accepted and the gender and levels of education of the respondents as control variables, gender and education showed insignificant relationships with WUFWFP. Age showed a substantial relationship as a moderator variable between WQK*Age, and HC*Age with a willingness to use filter water from filtration plants=WUFWFP, while the rest of the variables showed an insignificant relationship. Discussion: As per our results, H1a and H3a have a significant relationship as moderator variables between IV and DV, while H2a, H4a, H5a, and H6a did not show any relationship as moderator variables between IV and DV. Hence H1a and H3a were accepted while the rest of the moderator was rejected under this research. This study would be helpful for the decision-makers and planners to take proper sustainable measures to address the repercussions of urbanization and land use changes to protect the ecosystem.

A systematic PLS-SEM approach on assessment of indigenous knowledge in adapting to floods; A way forward to sustainable agriculture.

The present study was conducted in one of the major agriculture areas to check farmers indigenous knowledge about the impacts of floods on their farming lives, food security, sustainable development, and risk assessment. In the current study, primary data was used to analyze the situation. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among farmers. We have collected a cross-sectional dataset and applied the PLS-SEM dual-stage hybrid model to test the proposed hypotheses and rank the social, economic, and technological factors according to their normalized importance. Results revealed that farmers' knowledge associated with adaption strategies, food security, risk assessment, and livelihood assets are the most significant predictors. Farmers need to have sufficient knowledge about floods, and it can help them to adopt proper measurements. A PLS-SEM dual-stage hybrid model was used to check the relationship among all variables, which showed a significant relationship among DV, IV, and control variables. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed that AS (b = -0.155; p 0.001), FS (b = 0.343; p 0.001), LA (b = 0.273; p 0.001), RA (b = 0.147; p 0.006), and for FKF have statistically significant values of beta, while SD (b = -0.079NS) is not significant. These results offer support to hypotheses H1 through H4 and H5 being rejected. On the other hand, age does not have any relationship with farmers' knowledge of floods. Our study results have important policy suggestions for governments and other stakeholders to consider in order to make useful policies for the ecosystem. The study will aid in the implementation of effective monitoring and public policies to promote integrated and sustainable development, as well as how to minimize the impacts of floods on farmers' lives and save the ecosystem and food.

Accurate preoperative staging with [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential value of [68Ga]Ga-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([68Ga]Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in preoperative staging for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as compared to 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) PET/CT. METHODS: Thirty-six treatment-naïve patients with OSCC who underwent 2-[18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for preoperative staging were enrolled. The maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumour and suspected cervical metastatic lymph nodes, and the tumour-to-background ratio (TBR) of the primary tumour, were measured. The accuracy of two imaging modalities for preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes was analysed. Histopathology served as the standard of reference. RESULTS: Thirty-seven primary lesions of 36 patients were accurately detected by both [68Ga]Ga-FAPI and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. Regarding primary tumours, the SUVmax and TBR of the two imaging modalities in stage T3-T4 were significantly higher than those of stage T1-T2 (all p < 0.05). On the patient analysis, the accuracy for the evaluation of N1-N3 neck status was 52.6% (10/19) for [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT and 57.9% (11/19) for 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. Notably, the accuracy for the evaluation of the N0 neck status between [68Ga]Ga-FAPI and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT was 100% (17/17) and 29% (5/17), respectively. Based on the patient, neck side and neck level, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT resulted in higher specificity and accuracy in diagnosing metastatic neck lymph nodes than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT is a promising tool for preoperative staging of OSCC, and appears to reduce the false positivity seen with 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for the detection of neck lymph node metastases. KEY POINTS: • [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT is a promising tool targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts with comparable diagnostic performance to 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for identifying the primary lesions of OSCC. • [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed higher specificity and accuracy for the evaluation of neck lymph node metastases of OSCC than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT, especially for N0 neck status.