Untargeted metabolomics and quantification analysis reveal the shift of chemical constituents between instant dark teas individually liquid-state fermented by Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus tubingensis.

Instant dark teas (IDTs) were individually liquid-state fermented using the fungi Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus tubingensis. To understand how the chemical constituents of IDTs were affected by the fungi, samples were collected and measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that 1,380 chemical constituents were identified in positive and negative ion modes, and 858 kinds of chemical components were differential metabolites. Through cluster analysis, IDTs were different from the blank control, and their chemical constituents mostly included carboxylic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, organooxygen compounds, and fatty acyls. And the metabolites of IDTs fermented by A. niger and A. tubingensis had a high degree of similarity and were classified into one category, which showed that the fungus used to ferment is critical to the formation of certain qualities of IDTs. The biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylpropanoid, which involved nine different metabolites such as p-coumarate, p-coumaroyl-CoA, caffeate, ferulate, naringenin, kaempferol, leucocyanidin, cyanidin, and (-)-epicatechin, were significant pathways influencing the quality formation of IDTs. Quantification analysis indicated that the A. tubingensis fermented-IDT had the highest content of theaflavin, theabrownin, and caffeine, while the A. cristatus fermented-IDT had the lowest content of theabrownin, and caffeine. Overall, the results provided new insights into the relationship between the quality formation of IDTs and the microorganisms used in liquid-state fermentation.

Dynamic changes in the diversity and function of bacterial community during black tea processing.

Among all types of tea, black tea is produced in the largest amount worldwide, and its consumption is still increasing. Enzymatic fermentation is considered majorly contribute to quality formation of black tea, and the information about the roles of bacterial community in black tea processing is scarce. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes in composition, structure, and function of microbial communities during black tea processing and reveal the roles of bacterial community in black tea processing. Results showed that the genera Sphingomonas and Variovorax were dominant throughout the processing of black tea. Prediction function analysis of bacterial community showed that the mean proportions of glucuronoarabinoxylan endo - 1,4 - beta - xylanase, aminopeptidase B, phosphoserine phosphatase, homoserine O-acetyltransferase, glycolysis related enzymes, pyruvate dehydrogenase, tricarboxylic acid cycle related enzymes, and glyoxylate bypass were significantly elevated in the rolling and fermentation stages. The contents of amino acids, soluble sugar, theaflavins, thearubigins, and theabrownins increased greatly during the rolling and fermentation processes. Redundancy and Pearson's correlation analyses showed that the relative abundance of bacteria was closely related to the contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, catechin gallate, thearubigins, theaflavins, and theabrownins. Overall, the findings provided new insights into the variation of bacterial community during black tea processing and improved our understanding of the core functional bacteria involved in black tea processing.

[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of rare chromosome aberration in peripheral blood].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of rare chromosome aberration in peripheral blood. METHODS: Peripheral blood cells were cultured for 72 hours with routine method and slids performed, and then the slide was read and mode analysis was carried out. The diagnostic standard of rare chromosomal aberation was: 1-2 abnormal kary types were found in every 30, 60, 200 mitotic phass. RESULTS: The main clinical characteristics of 52 cases of individual chromosomal aberation in peripheral blood included: 1. spontaneous abortion; 2. abnormal sex development; 3. reproduction diseases; and 4. morbid and deformity. CONCLUSION: Rare chromosomal aberation should be regarded as chromosomal diseases. Prenatal diagnosis is necessary for people with such chromosomal aberation in their reproductive actions.

Localization of PS9 in Rice Ragged Stunt Oryzavirus and Its Role in Virus Transmission by Brown Planthopper.

A cDNA of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus(RRSV) coding for its protein PS9 was prepared and expressed in E.coli as a fusion protein then purified and cleaved by factor-Xa to a 38kD polypeptide. Using the IgG of the antiserum raised against the expressed fusion protein the gold immuno-labelling experiments provided a direct evidence that the 38kD polypeptide is one of the major proteins forming the virus spikes. Virus transmission experiments in brown planthopper fed with PS9 showed the inhibition of transmission of virus by the PS9 protein suggesting that the spike proteins of the virus may be essential for the virus infection.