Beyond words: Semantic satiation and the mental accessibility of the concept of suicide.

Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word "suicide" on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., "accident," "murder," or "suicide") either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word "suicide" slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of "murder" and "accident" delayed participants' judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.

Determination of rhein and physcion in rhubarb by microchip capillary electrophoresis in mixed hydro-organic solvent combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

Microchip capillary electrophoresis in mixed hydro-organic solvent combined with laser-induced fluorescence detection was developed for the separation and detection of physcion and rhein in rhubarb. In contrast to the conventional capillary electrophoresis method, ammonium acetate-dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the basic buffer system in this method. The effects of background buffer, buffer apparent pH*, buffer concentration, water ratio, sample preparation method, and separation voltage on separation and detection were investigated. Optimized separation and detection conditions were obtained: the buffer consisted of 20 mmol/L of ammonium acetate in hydro-organic solvent composed dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, and water mixed at 60/20/20 (v/v/v) ratio. The separation voltage was 1.9 kV. Under these conditions, the physcion, rhein, and other components of rhubarb can be completely separated within 150 s. Under the methodological verification, good linearity (R ≥ 0.9995) for physcion and rhein, and low limits of detection (0.085 µg·mL-1 and 0.077 µg·mL-1 , respectively), satisfactory peak area precisions, migration time precisions (1.74%-3.09%), and accuracy (recovery rate 97.8% and 101.4%) were achieved. It is shown that the proposed method is simple, efficient, fast, sensitive, simple instrument, consumes few samples, has low operating cost, and is linear.

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of constituents from Psidium guajava leaves.

Psidium guajava is a plant of the Myrtaceae with various pharmacological activity. In this study, the water extract and the isolated compounds from guava leaves were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition using spectrophotometric method. Ellagic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, avicularin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-galactoside showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and their IC50 value were 25.0, 41.0, 53.5, 46.9, 60.0 and 72.1 µg/mL, respectively compared with the positive control acarbose (IC50 49.2 µg/mL). This study could provide a theoretical basis for the application of Psidium guajava in the treatment of hyperglycemia.

Is physical pain causally related to suicidal behavior: An experimental test.

Existing evidence suggests a link between physical pain and suicide, but the nature of this relationship remains unknown. To address this critical gap in knowledge, the present study leveraged a validated virtual reality (VR) suicide paradigm to experimentally examine the causal effects of physical pain on subsequent virtual suicidal behaviors. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that physical pain would causally drive virtual suicidal behavior only if suicide was conceptualized as having desirable anticipated consequences (e.g., a means of escaping from current pain; an opportunity to avoid future pain). We tested this by randomizing 326 participants across four different conditions: a physical pain condition, an anticipated escape condition, an anticipated avoidance condition, and a control condition. As predicted, physical pain alone did not result in statistically significant increases in VR suicide rates; however, the anticipation that virtual suicidal behavior would result in the avoidance of future physical pain had a large causal effect on VR suicide rates (B = 1.61, p < .001, IRR = 5.01). We failed to find evidence that anticipating that VR suicide would provide an escape from currently experienced physical pain increases the likelihood of VR suicide. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the anticipated consequences of suicide (e.g., avoidance of future physical pain) may serve as primary causes of suicidal behavior.

Continual Learning of a Transformer-Based Deep Learning Classifier Using an Initial Model from Action Observation EEG Data to Online Motor Imagery Classification.

The motor imagery (MI)-based brain computer interface (BCI) is an intuitive interface that enables users to communicate with external environments through their minds. However, current MI-BCI systems ask naïve subjects to perform unfamiliar MI tasks with simple textual instruction or a visual/auditory cue. The unclear instruction for MI execution not only results in large inter-subject variability in the measured EEG patterns but also causes the difficulty of grouping cross-subject data for big-data training. In this study, we designed an BCI training method in a virtual reality (VR) environment. Subjects wore a head-mounted device (HMD) and executed action observation (AO) concurrently with MI (i.e., AO + MI) in VR environments. EEG signals recorded in AO + MI task were used to train an initial model, and the initial model was continually improved by the provision of EEG data in the following BCI training sessions. We recruited five healthy subjects, and each subject was requested to participate in three kinds of tasks, including an AO + MI task, an MI task, and the task of MI with visual feedback (MI-FB) three times. This study adopted a transformer- based spatial-temporal network (TSTN) to decode the user's MI intentions. In contrast to other convolutional neural network (CNN) or recurrent neural network (RNN) approaches, the TSTN extracts spatial and temporal features, and applies attention mechanisms along spatial and temporal dimensions to perceive the global dependencies. The mean detection accuracies of TSTN were 0.63, 0.68, 0.75, and 0.77 in the MI, first MI-FB, second MI-FB, and third MI-FB sessions, respectively. This study demonstrated the AO + MI gave an easier way for subjects to conform their imagery actions, and the BCI performance was improved with the continual learning of the MI-FB training process.

A Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Model for Solid Propellant with Rate-Dependent Cumulative Damage.

Solid propellant is a composite material exhibiting classic nonlinear viscoelastic mechanical characteristic, which is due in a large part to a cumulative damage process caused by the formation and growth of microflaws inside. The standard relaxation tests and uniaxial tension tests under different velocities of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant are carried out in this paper, where Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique is applied to record deformation. The experimental results show that the material mechanical behavior is rate-dependent. It is also observed that the yield stress and failure stress are significantly rate-dependent on the tensile velocity. Based on these experimental results, it can be inferred that the stiffness degradation and damage evolution of HTPB propellant are a rate-dependent processes. Therefore, the damage accumulation of HTPB propellant is considered rate-dependent in this research. In order to describe the mechanical characteristic precisely, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model with rate-dependent cumulative damage is developed. The damage model is developed based on the concept of pseudo strain, in which a Prony series representation of viscoelastic material functions is applied. Besides, a rate-dependent damage variable is introduced into the model through considering the rate-dependent characteristics of cumulative damage process. In addition, a new normalized failure criterion is derived on the basis of the proposed damage model, which is independent of strain-rate after normalization. Finally, it is implemented in commercial finite element software for stress analysis to verify the predictive capacities of the damage model. The accuracy of the constitutive model and failure criterion is validated under uniaxial tensile tests of various strain rates.

Image Enhancement Technology Based on Deep Trust Network Model in Clinical Treatment of Traumatology and Orthopedics.

Fractures have brought great pain to patients, and treatment requires a lot of time and yield slow results, which seriously affect the production and life of people. Fractures are mostly treated with traditional conservative treatment methods. For orthopedic trauma, image enhancement technology has gradually played an important role in the clinical treatment of orthopedic trauma and has become a kind of suffering. It has become a new treatment method that attracts people's attention. In order to study the application of image enhancement technology based on the deep trust network model in the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics, this paper conducted a related survey of fracture patients in the city's first hospital, reviewed relevant literature, and interviewed professionals, and we collected relevant material, constructed case templates, and created clinical research models using comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques. Studies have shown that the use of image enhancement techniques in the treatment of fractures has been successful, with healing efficiency approximately 20% faster than conservative treatment. In the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics, image enhancement technology can effectively reduce the incidence of complications in the prognosis of patients. Symptom Drop. This shows that the image enhancement technology of the deep trust network model can play an important role in the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics.

Meta-analysis of sleep deprivation in the acute treatment of bipolar depression.

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation (SD) is an antidepressant intervention with multiple administration formats that has been investigated primarily with uncontrolled clinical trials and qualitative reviews of the literature. The validity and applicability of these findings to the treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) is uncertain. METHODS: A PRISMA-based systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the efficacy of SD in the treatment of BPD and to identify moderator variables that influence response rate. RESULTS: From a sample of 15 studies covering 384 patients, the overall, mean response rate to SD was 47.6% (CI 36.0%, 59.5%). This response rate compared post-SD to pre-SD depression scores, and not to a placebo control condition. Of several potential moderating variables examined, the use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy achieved statistical significance with response rates of 59.4% [CI 48.5, 69.5] for patients using adjunctive medication vs 27.4% [CI 17.8, 39.8] for patients not using adjunctive medication. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis of SD in the treatment of BPD found an overall, response rate of almost 50%, reinforcing earlier estimates of efficacy. The use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy had a statistically significant moderating effect on SD response suggesting that clinical practice should routinely pair these interventions. These findings provide a higher level of evidence supporting the use of SD, especially when used with medication, and should inform future management guidelines for the treatment of BPD.

MiRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation.

AIMS: The study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-483-5p and IGF2 in osteoclast formation. METHODS: Blood and bone tissues were collected from osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis patients with hip fractures for gene expression analysis. CD14 + peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for differentiating osteoclasts. MiR-483-5p mimic and inhibitor was transfected into CD14 + PBMCs, respectively. Predicted by TargetScan and verified by Dual-luciferase reporter assay system, insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) could be targeted by miR-483-5p. IGF2 expression vector was co-transfected with miR-483-5p mimic to study the role of IGF2 in miR-483-5p affecting osteoclast differentiation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell apoptosis analysis. RESULTS: High-expressed miR-483-5p and low-expressed IGF2 were frequently found in the serums and bone tissues derived from osteoporotic patients. We found that up-regulation of miR-483-5p in CD14 + PBMCs notably increased the number of TRAP-positive cells, at the same time, the expression levels of TRAP, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), cytoplasmic 1 (NFAT2) and Cathepsin K (CTSK) were also up-regulated. However, overexpressed IGF2 effectively reversed such effects produced by up-regulation of miR-483-5p on osteoclastogenesis-related factors in CD14 + PBMCs. Moreover, forced expression of IGF2 could also enhance apoptosis of osteoclasts reduced by miR-483-5p. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that miRNA-483-5p is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast differentiation.

The chronotherapeutic treatment of bipolar disorders: A systematic review and practice recommendations from the ISBD task force on chronotherapy and chronobiology.

AIMS: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of the major chronotherapeutic treatments of bipolar disorders (BD)-bright light therapy (LT), dark therapy (DT), treatments utilizing sleep deprivation (SD), melatonergic agonists (MA), interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT), and cognitive behavioral therapy adapted for BD (CBTI-BP)-and propose treatment recommendations based on a synthesis of the evidence. METHODS: PRISMA-based systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: The acute antidepressant (AD) efficacy of LT was supported by several open-label studies, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and one pseudorandomized controlled trial. SD showed rapid, acute AD response rates of 43.9%, 59.3%, and 59.4% in eight case series, 11 uncontrolled, studies, and one RCT, respectively. Adjunctive DT obtained significant, rapid anti-manic results in one RCT and one controlled study. The seven studies on MA yielded very limited data on acute antidepressant activity, conflicting evidence of both antimanic and maintenance efficacy, and support from two case series of improved sleep in both acute and euthymic states. IPSRT monotherapy for bipolar II depression had acute response rates of 41%, 67%, and 67.4% in two open studies and one RCT, respectively; as adjunctive therapy for bipolar depression in one RCT, and efficacy in reducing relapse in two RCTs. Among euthymic BD subjects with insomnia, a single RCT found CBTI-BP effective in delaying manic relapse and improving sleep. Chronotherapies were generally safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome literature on the adjunctive use of chronotherapeutic treatments for BP is variable, with evidence bases that differ in size, study quality, level of evidence, and non-standardized treatment protocols. Evidence-informed practice recommendations are offered.