Subject(s)
Health Policy , Human Rights , Social Welfare , Humans , National Health Programs , TaiwanABSTRACT
Sepsis is an overwhelming systemic response to infection that frequently results in tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and cytokine overproduction are thought to be associated with the immunostimulatory cascade in sepsis. In the present study, we analyzed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the pheophytin-b on both RAW 264.7 murine macrophage and purified human CD14⺠monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidated the mechanisms by analyzing the cell signaling pathways known to be activated in sepsis. Pheophytin-b suppressed the overexpression of NO, PGE2, and cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages without inducing cytotoxicity. It also reduced NOS2 and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels. The inhibitory effects on NO, PGE2, and cytokine overproduction arose from the suppression of STAT-1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; no changes in NF-κB, MAPK, and AP-1 signaling were detected. Thus, pheophytin-b may represent a potential candidate to beneficially modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cytokines/metabolism , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Macrophages/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Pheophytins/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Cytokines/genetics , Humans , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
A novel tubular waveguide particle plasmon resonance (TW-PPR) sensor is demonstrated for label-free biochemical detection. The sensor itself is a microchamber of a defined sample volume, a mechanical support for sensor coating, a waveguide to provide evanescent wave interrogation, and it can be easily extended to a multi-channel format. The sensor resolution is estimated to be 2.6×10(-6) RIU in measuring solutions of various refractive indices. The sensing system can perform multiple measurements simultaneously and its limit of detection for anti-DNP antibody and streptavidin is 1.2×10(-10) g/ml (0.55 pM) and 2.3×10(-10) g/ml (3.5 pM), respectively. Accurate determination of these analytes with known concentration spiked in artificial urine were examined and the bias is less than ±7%, supporting the utility of the device for analyte screening in more complex media. The TW-PPR sensor can be inexpensively fabricated and has a special niche for monitoring biomolecular interactions in real-time, hence it is ideally suitable for disposable uses, especially promising for convenient high-throughput biochemical sensing applications.
