The role of financial innovation in carbon intensity reduction: perspectives from energy structure transition and fiscal policies.

Carbon emissions are important factors causing global warming, which requires global efforts to deal with. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of financial innovation on reducing carbon emissions in China by constructing a financial innovation development index with factors of green finance as well as fintech development. Empirical results show that financial innovation contributes to reduce carbon intensity by promoting energy structure transition as well as public fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection. Moreover, heterogeneity exists in the effect of financial innovation on carbon emission reduction. Financial innovation has a significant role in reducing carbon intensity in eastern regions, but has a relatively small influence on central and western regions. Furthermore, financial innovation has a lag effect on reducing carbon intensity.

A study on the dynamic impact of carbon emission trading on green and high-quality development.

As a pivotal element in market mechanisms, carbon trading is increasingly recognized as crucial for achieving China's Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals. This study introduces a comprehensive dynamic model, integrating carbon trading, emissions, economic growth, and green technology innovation, to offer a holistic understanding of the interplay between these domains. Utilizing principles from nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory, the model is adept at simulating various scenarios and assessing the effectiveness of government policies in stabilizing these complex systems. In-depth analysis provided by this research sheds light on the nuanced impact of carbon trading policies on sustainable development. Key findings highlight (1) Carbon trading's essential role as a catalyst in propelling sustainable and high-quality growth. (2) A strong positive relationship is observed between the sophistication of the carbon trading mechanism and its effectiveness in stimulating green technology innovation and fostering high-quality green development. Notably, carbon trading's influence on green technology innovation markedly enhances the efficacy of carbon emission reduction strategies. (3) Government regulations are instrumental in augmenting carbon prices, thus incentivizing increased corporate participation in emission reduction and enhancing the overall impact of carbon emission reduction. Nevertheless, the study identifies a critical threshold in regulatory intensity, beyond which there is a risk of system destabilization ( a 3 ≥ 0.032 ). These findings underscore the imperative for developing an integrated national carbon emission trading market, prioritizing sustainable growth strategies and diligently pursuing China's environmental objectives.

Evolution Dynamics Model of Private Enterprises under Simultaneous and Sequential Innovation Decisions.

The innovation of private enterprises plays a crucial role. This study focuses on the impacts of market information asymmetry, the technology spillover effect, and the order of innovation research and development (R&D) decisions on the evolution of private enterprises' innovation. This study constructs a dynamic model to analyze how the innovation decision-making order of private enterprises influences their profits and intertemporal innovation decision making. First, we derive the equilibrium point under sequential decisions and the stability of the system at the equilibrium point. Second, we investigate the impact of sequential and simultaneous innovation decisions on the evolution of the dynamic system and its economic implications. Finally, we study the evolutionary dynamics of the attractor with the rate of innovation adjustment and point to the existence of multiple equilibria. The results suggest that the speed of the innovation R&D cost change should be moderate, and the asynchronous updating of the innovation R&D strategy can prevent the system evolution from turning into chaos. These conclusions guide innovation policies.

Differential game evolution of food quality safety based on market supply and demand.

Frequent outbreaks of food quality and safety problems have seriously damaged the interests of consumers and reduced their confidence in China's food safety. In this study based on market supply and demand, we design a differential game model between food supplier and food retailer by considering different decision-making situations. We also analyze the optimal revenue of the food supplier and food retailer on food quality efforts, the overall return of the supply chain, the level of food quality and safety, and their evolutionary characteristics. Results of the analysis indicate the following. (a) From the situation of decentralized decision-making to the situation of decision-making under the incentive strategy, a Pareto improvement occurs in the food quality and safety strategy of food supplier, food retailer, and even the entire food supply chain. (b) The optimal revenues of the supplier and retailer, overall supply chain revenue, and efforts of the supplier and retailer are all affected by changes in market supply and demand, resulting in drastic fluctuations. On the whole, food quality tends to improve over time and will fluctuate slightly due to changes in market supply and demand. (c) If the market supply is stable when supply exceeds demand and the market demand turns from a downward trend to an upward trend, then food quality safety risk will be higher than in other periods.

An ANP-fuzzy evaluation model of food quality safety supervision based on China's data.

A government acts as the main supervisor of food quality and safety. How to quantify and improve the performance and efficiency of government supervision, respectively, is an urgent problem. This study constructs a food safety supervision performance index and utilizes an analytic network process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to precisely quantify the performance of government supervision. The evaluation results show that, (a) although the overall situation of food quality and safety in China is controllable, the government does not do well in food safety risk supervision, food recall supervision, and accident summary supervision. (b) Internal supervision is the weakest link in food quality and safety supervision. (c) Grassroots supervision is weak especially in prefecture and county levels. (d) There is no positive correlation between the economy level and supervision level in one region. This paper contributes to accurately reflecting the status quo of China's food safety supervision and realizing the transparency of government regulatory information, which ultimately boosts the government's efficiency in food safety supervision and improves the regulatory situation.

Empirical Study on the Transparency of Security Risk Information in Chinese Listed Pharmaceutical Enterprises Based on the ANP-DS Method.

Frequent outbreaks of drug safety incidents pose a massive threat to public health and safety, while the transparency of security risk information in medical enterprises is not optimistic. Therefore, this study uses the analytic network process (Dempster-Shafer method) to construct a transparent comprehensive evaluation model for security risk information in listed pharmaceutical enterprises from the perspective of government supervision and listed pharmaceutical enterprises. On the basis of 59,305 data obtained by 303 enterprises listed in the Chinese biomedical sector, this research conducted an empirical study on the transparency of safety risk information in Chinese listed pharmaceutical enterprises. The current study found that the transparency of security risk information in Chinese listed pharmaceutical enterprises is generally between "general" and "relatively good" and tends to be "relatively good." However, administrative punishment information, adverse drug reaction reporting systems, and production processes need continuous improvement.

Evolutionary dynamics of health food safety regulatory information disclosure from the perspective of consumer participation.

The "trust" attribute of health food has intensified the serious information asymmetry problem in the health food market. Moreover, it has strengthened the formation and influence of potential or hidden safety risks of health food, bringing huge impacts on social harmony and stability. Therefore, this study builds a model of health food enterprise production and operation and government regulatory information disclosure from the perspective of consumer participation. The study fully considers the government's policy burdens and the degree of consumer response to food safety regulatory information. Moreover, it aims to explore the evolution mechanism of food enterprise production and operation strategies and government regulatory information disclosure strategies and analyze the evolution process of the government behavior in health food safety regulatory information disclosure. The theoretical derivation and simulation analysis found that the more sensitive consumers are to health food safety regulatory information, the more significant the profitability improvement of enterprises producing quality health food, thus urging the government to make an objective and comprehensive disclosure of health food safety regulatory information.

Evolution Model of Health Food Safety Risk Based on Prospect Theory.

In the growing market of health food, certain disturbances occur, such as uneven quality of products, imitation of health food, prohibited drug content in health food, functional efficacy, and actual disagreement. The safety of health food has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In this study, we constructed a three-party game model of health food safety risk evolution, which includes health food enterprises, health food consumers, and government regulators, based on prospect theory and evolutionary game method. We also consider the attributes of "trust products" of health food, the ability to identify the safety information of health food, the subjective perception of the efficacy of health food, and the certification effect of the regulatory information of the government supervision department. The influence mechanism of these factors, including the cost of searching for health food information, consumers' subjective perception of health food efficiency, and the certification effect of supervision departments, on health food safety risk evolution is described using theoretical deduction and simulation analysis. On this basis, the corresponding conclusions are established, which provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the strategy of health food market governance.

The spread model of food safety risk under the supply-demand disturbance.

In this paper, based on the imbalance of the supply-demand relationship of food, we design a spreading model of food safety risk, which is about from food producers to consumers in the food supply chain. We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to describe the supply-demand relationship and government supervision behaviors' influence on the risk spread of food safety and the behaviors of the food producers and the food retailers. We also analyze the influence of the awareness of consumer rights protection and the level of legal protection of consumer rights on the risk spread of food safety. This model contributes to the explicit investigation of the influence relationship among supply-demand factors, the regulation behavioral choice of government, the behavioral choice of food supply chain members and food safety risk spread. And this paper provides a new viewpoint for considering food safety risk spread in the food supply chain, which has a great reference for food safety management.