An Evidence-Based Medical Review on Promoting Gastrointestinal Function Recovery After Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study was to search for, evaluate, and summarize data related to a faster postoperative recovery in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) based on literature from China as well as internationally. This will serve as an evidence-based foundation for the clinical implementation of enhanced postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with CRC. Methods: Based on the hierarchical "6S" evidence model, we conducted a systematic search of computerized decision-support systems, guideline websites, as well as domestic and international databases for evidence, guidelines, expert consensus statements, clinical decision-making, best practices, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews of interventions focusing on accelerating gastrointestinal function rehabilitation after CRC surgery. The time limit for the search was from the date of creation of the database to January 2023. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the literature that was included, and we extracted data and summarized the evidence from those publications that fulfilled the quality criteria. Results: The review included a total of 21 publications, comprising 6 guidelines, 6 systematic reviews, 3 expert consensus statements, 4 randomized controlled trials, and 2 evidence summaries. We summarized 51 best evidence findings across five areas: organizational management, preoperative risk assessment, education, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative management. Conclusion: There is a wide variety and wealth of information available on interventions to promote enhanced postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with CRC. The use of evidence is discussed, keeping in mind the practical situation in China.

[Finite element analysis of different intramedullary fixation methods for the treatment of senile pubic ramus fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of elastic intramedullary nail in the treatment of pubic ramus fractures by finite element analysis, and to compare the stability of elastic intramedullary nail with cannulated screw intramedullary fixation. METHODS: The CT data of the pelvis of a volunteer were selected, and the three-dimensional model of the pelvis was reconstructed by reverse engineering software and the fracture of the pubic ramus fractures was simulated by osteotomy. The hollow nail model, single elastic nail model and double elastic nailmodel were assembled with different implants respectively. The mesh division, material assignment loading and other steps were carried out in the ANSYS software, and then the calculation was submitted. RESULTS: The overall displacement of the pelvis of the elastic nail model was smaller than that of the cannulated screw model, in which the double elastic nail model had the smallest overall displacement, but the cannulated screw model had the smallest plant displacement and the single elastic nail model had the largest plant displacement. Although the stress of cannulated screw was small, there was obvious stress concentration, the stress of elastic nail was large, but there was no obvious stress concentration, especially the stress distribution of double elastic nail was more uniform and the overall stress of pelvis was the smallest. CONCLUSION: All the three fixation methods can effectively improve the stability of the anterior ring of the pelvis. Among them, there is no significant difference in the overall biomechanical propertiesof hollow nail fixation and double elastic nail fixation, which is better than that of single elastic nail fixation. Elastic nail fixation has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and good biomechanical stability, so it can be used as a better surgical method for the treatment of pubic ramus fractures.

Attenuation of inflammatory response by 25- hydroxyvitamin D3-loaded polylactic acid microspheres in treatment of periodontitis in diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres on inflammatory response in diabetic periodontitis. METHODS: 25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres were produced using emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in high glucose medium were chosen to mimic diabetic periodontitis. After cultivation with 25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres, inflammation-related proteins in BMSCs were detected using Western blot analysis. Periodontitis was induced using silk ligatures in diabetic rats, and 25(OH)D3-loaded PLA microspheres were placed into the periodontal pockets. Periodontal tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Drug release from the 25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres was relatively steady during 70 days. In a diabetic periodontitis-like environment, 25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres upregulated vitamin D receptor expression, and downregulated nuclear factor-κB expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in the BMSCs. These 25(OH)D3 microspheres also attenuated periodontal inflammatory infiltrate and bone loss in diabetic rats with periodontitis. CONCLUSION: 25(OH)D3-loaded microspheres could ameliorate diabetic periodontitis by inhibiting inflammatory response, and may provide a potential therapy for patients with this disease.

Effect of proximal contact strength on the three-dimensional displacements of implant-supported cantilever fixed partial dentures under axial loading.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of proximal contact strength on the three-dimensional displacements of cantilever fixed partial denture (CFPD) under vertically concentrated loading with digital laser speckle (DLS) technique. METHODS: Fresh mandible of beagle dog was used to establish the implant-supported CFPD for specimen. DLS technique was employed for measuring the three-dimensional displacement of the prosthesis under vertically concentrated loading ranging from 200 to 3000 g. The effect of the contact tightness on the displacement of CFPD was investigated by means of changing the contact tightness. RESULTS: When an axial concentrated loading was exerted on the pontic of the implant-supported CFPD, the displacement of the CFPD was the greatest. The displacement of the prosthesis decreased with the increase of contact strength. When the contact strength was 0, 0.95, and 3.25 N, the displacement of the buccolingual direction was smaller than that of the mesiodistal direction but greater than that of the occlusogingival direction. When the force on the contact area was 6.50 N, the mesiodistal displacement of the prosthesis was the biggest while the buccolingual displacement was the smallest. CONCLUSIONS: The implant-supported CFPD is an effective therapy for fully or partially edentulous patients. The restoration of the contact area and the selection of the appropriate contact strength can reduce the displacement of the CFPD, and get a better stress distribution. The most appropriate force value is 3.25 N in this study.

[Measuring three-dimensional displacement of tooth-supported rigid fixed bridge under oblique concentrated loading using digital laser speckle photography].

OBJECTIVE: To measure three-dimensional displacements of rigid fixed bridge under oblique concentrated loading and to analyze the effect of displacement on the stability of abutment teeth. METHODS: Right mandible of Beagle dog was used to establish the tooth-supported rigid fixed bridge. Digital laser speckle photography was employed to measure the three-dimensional displacements of the prosthesis under oblique concentrated loading ranging from 200 g to 3000 g. RESULTS: The displacements of prosthesis increased as the load increased. When the load was on the abutment, the buccolingual displacement of the abutment under loading was the biggest but no more than 100 microm. This was followed by mesiodistal and occlusallingual displacements. With slighter loadings, the buccolingual displacements of non-loaded abutment were greater than the mesiodistal displacements. However, as the loading increased greater mesiodistal displacements on non-loaded abutment were found compared to buccolingual displacements. When the bridge was loaded, the biggest displacements of the prosthesis were always shown on the buccolingual direction, followed by the mesiodistal direction and the occlusallingual direction. The displacements with loaded bridge were smaller than those when the load was applied on abutment. CONCLUSION: The displacements of rigid fixed bridge change with different loading positions. This has implications on the design of prosthesis. Lateral force should be minimized and early occlusion contact should be avoided, especially on the feeble abutment. This study has developed a new method for measuring bit shift of teeth.

Temporal change in NMDA receptor signaling and GABAA receptor expression in rat caudal vestibular nucleus during motion sickness habituation.

Repeated exposure to a provocative motion stimulus leads to motion sickness habituation indicative of the existence of central processes to counteract the disturbing properties of the imposed motion. In the present study, we attempt to investigate whether NMDA and GABA(A) receptors in rat caudal vestibular nucleus neurons are involved in motion sickness habituation induced by repeated Ferris-wheel like rotation in daily session (2h/d). We showed that defecation response increased and spontaneous locomotion decreased within 4 sessions (sickness phase). They recovered back to the control level after 7 sessions (habituation phase). Western blot analysis found that NMDA receptor signal molecules: calmodulin protein kinase II and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were both activated during sickness phase, while a prolonged CREB activation was also observed during habituation phase. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed an increase in c-fos and a decrease in Arc mRNA level during sickness phase. We also found an increase in GABA(A) receptor α1 subunit (GABA(A) α1) protein level in this stage. These results suggested that altered NMDA receptor signaling and GABA(A) receptor expression level in caudal vestibular nucleus were associated with motion sickness habituation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the number of GABA(A) α1 immunolabeled neurons in caudal vestibular nucleus increased while the number of GABA(A) α1/Arc double labeled neurons and the average amount of Arc particle in soma of these neurons decreased during sickness phase. It suggested that GABA(A) receptor level might be negatively regulated by Arc protein in caudal vestibular nucleus neurons.

Flavokawain B induces apoptosis of human oral adenoid cystic cancer ACC-2 cells via up-regulation of Bim and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Novel effective drugs are still urgently needed in the prevention and treatment of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we have assessed the antitumor potential and molecular mechanisms of flavokawain B (FKB) as a kava chalcone on the ACC-2 cell line in vitro. The results demonstrated that FKB could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation of ACC-2 in a dose-dependent manner that was associated with induced apoptosis and cell cycle G2-M arrest, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of flavokawain-B treatment for 48 h was estimated to be 4.69 ± 0.43 µmol/L. Mechanistically, FKB could induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and activate the cleavage of caspase-3 and, eventually, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), in a dose-dependent manner, leading to marked apoptotic effect of ACC-2 cells. The apoptotic action of FKB was associated with the increased expression of proapoptotic proteins: Bim, Bax, Bak and a decreased expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Among them, Bim expression was significantly induced by FKB, and knockdown of Bim expression by short-hairpin RNAs attenuated the inhibitory effect induced by FKB on ACC-2 cells. These results suggest Bim may be one of the potential transcriptional targets, and suggests the potential usefulness of FKB for the prevention and treatment of ACC.

[Intestinal absorption of the effective components of Schisandra chinensis Baill by rats single-pass perfusion in situ].

The aim of the study is to investigate rat intestinal absorption behavior of three main active components, schisandrol A, schisandrin A and schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts in intestine of rats. With phenol red as the indicator, in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used and the concentrations of three main active components in perfusion solution of different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were determined by HPLC in combination with diode array detection. The results showed that the absorption rate constant (Ka) and effective permeability values (Peff) of three main active components in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts had significant difference (P < 0.05) at different concentrations of perfusion solution, the Ka and Peff first increased and then decreased with the increase of drug concentration, the middle concentration was higher than those of the other two concentrations. The saturate absorption phenomena were observed, and it suggested that the transport mechanisms of three main active components in vivo were similar to active transport or facilitated diffusion. Three active components can be well absorbed in all of the intestinal segments, while duodenum is the best absorption region. The Ka and Peff of three active components in jejunum and ileum had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The absorption of the three active components displayed significant difference (P < 0.05) at different intestinal segments of rats. Schisandrin A had the best absorption in duodenum. The Ka and Peff among three active components were sequenced as follows: schisandrin A > schisandrin B > schisandrol A in other intestinal segments, and there is significant difference (P < 0.05) between them.

Decreased Fos protein expression in rat caudal vestibular nucleus is associated with motion sickness habituation.

We investigated the temporal change of Fos protein expression in the caudal vestibular nucleus of rats exposed to daily 2-h Ferris-wheel like (FWL) rotation. Repeated rotation (2h daily for 14 consecutive days) caused an initial increase in defecation, followed by a gradual decline back to the baseline level after 8 rotation sessions. Unlike defecation, the Kaolin consumption of rats showed a bitonic function during the daily rotation sessions (2h daily for 33 consecutive days) and finally recovered to the baseline after about 31 sessions. Immunohistochemistry study revealed increased Fos immunolabeled (Fos-LI) neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus and spinal vestibular nucleus during the initial 7 rotation sessions, and it decreased to the baseline level after 10 rotation sessions. There was a strong linear relationship between the amount of Fos-LI neurons and rat defecation level throughout the whole rotation sessions. These results suggest that the change of neuronal plasticity in the caudal vestibular nucleus might contribute to attenuation of gastrointestinal symptoms during motion sickness habituation process.

[Relationship between tissular structure and strength of fresh bull periodontal ligament].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the width and the content of fiber in peridontal ligament (PDL) and the strength of peridontal membrane. METHODS: Fresh mandible of bull was obtained to prepare for a 5 mm x 2 mm x 10 mm cuboid including teeth, peridontal membrane, and alveolar bone. The width of the PDL was measured under a stereomicroseope. Pull stress was loaded on the test piece until it broke. The stress-strain curve was recorded. The broken ends of the PDL was dyed with siriue to adalyze the content of fiber. RESULTS: The relationship between the width of the PDL and the maximum stress was expressed as Y = 9.786e(-3.6693x). The relationship between the width of the PDL and the physiological ultimate stress was expressed as Y = e((2.188(-3.953)x). The relationship between the percentage of fiber and maximum stress was expressed as Y = 20.788-0.755x + 0.007x(2). The relationship between the percentage of fiber and the physiological ultimate stress was expressed as Y = 1.39e(-14) x x(7.666). The initial physiological stress was 0.28 N/mm2. CONCLUSION: The strength of PDL increases with the decrease of PDL width and increase of fiber content.

[A structural mechanics study with human maxillary premolar].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stress distribution and offset of dental and periodontal tissues imposed by changes in inner diameter of pulp cavity. METHODS: Six models of maxillary second bicuspid tooth with different inner diameter of pulp cavity were established, including: (1) calcificated pulp without pulp chamberi (2) mostly calcificated pulp chamber with inward reduction of 0. 5 mm in normal pulp cavity; (3) initially calcificated pulp chamber with inward reduction of 0.25 mm in normal pulp cavity; (4) normal pulp cavity; (5) initially absorbed pulp chamber with outward expansion of 0.25 mm in normal pulp cavity; (6) mostly absorbed pulp chamber with outward expansion of 0.5 mm in normal pulp cavity. Vertical and oblique forces with 160 N were loaded on the central fossa, respectively, in order to calculate the stress distribution of dental and periodontal tissues and the maximum incipient offset of the teeth. RESULTS: With loaded vertical and oblique forces on central fossa, increased stress distribution of periodontal tissues and maximum incipient offset of teeth were found in all of the models, which increased with the increase of pulp cavity. CONCLUSION: The change in inner diameter of pulp cavity has an impact on the stress distribution of periodontal tissues and maximum incipient offset of the second upper bicuspid teeth.

[Effect of different dynamic mechanical strain on the proliferation and synthetic function of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in the proliferation and synthetic function of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLF) in response to dynamic mechanical strains of different modes, magnitudes and durations. METHODS: Using a 4-point bending system, the effect of dynamic mechanical strains of different modes, magnitudes and durations on the proliferation of HPDLF was investigated by analyzing the cell cycle changes with flow cytometry (FCM), and the total protein level and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in HPDLF were assayed by quantitative analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of G(0)/G(1) cell decreased, S phase cells increased, and the proliferation index (PI), total protein level and activity of ALP were augmented significantly in response to dynamic mechanical micro-strains. These changes showed close correlations to the magnitude and duration of the strain. The mode of strain caused significant changes in G(0)/G(1), S, and G(2)/M phase cell percentages as well as the PI, total protein level and ALP activity of the cells. In the gradient strain group, the cell proliferation activity, total protein level and ALP activity were obviously higher than those in 1000 and 4000 microstrain groups. CONCLUSION: The changes in the proliferation and synthetic function of HPDLF are closely correlated to the mode, magnitude and duration of the strains.

[Mutations in NPHS2 in familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Southern Chinese Han ethnic group].

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in NPHS2 mapped to 1q25-q31 and encoding podocin, which is exclusively expressed in glomerular podocytes, are responsible for autosomal recessive familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with minor glomerular abnormalities or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Different groups from European and North American countries have screened NPHS2 mutations in familial SRNS with recessive inheritance, documenting a mutation detection rate of 45% - 55% in families. This study aimed to examine mutations in the NPHS2 gene in Southern Chinese Han ethnic group patients with familial SRNS. METHODS: Genomic DNA from 3 probands from Southern Chinese Han families with autosomal recessive SRNS, and their siblings and parents was isolated and analyzed for all eight exons, exon-intron boundaries and promoter of NPHS2 using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS: No mutation of NPHS2 in all eight exons and exon-intron boundaries was identified in the 3 probands. However, a polymorphism of 954T > C in exon 8 was detected in all the 3 probands and some controls, and 5 variants of NPHS2 promoter, -1709G > A, -1000A > T, -670C > T, -116C > T and -51G > T, were identified in some patients and controls, indicating that these variants are polymorphisms. One heterozygous variant of NPHS2 promoter, -1715A > G, was also identified in one proband and her mother whose urinalyses were normal, whereas it was not found in any of the 50 controls. There was no significant difference in the allelic frequencies of -1709G > A, -1000A > T, -670C > T, -116C > T and -51G > T polymorphisms between the patients and controls. CONCLUSION: NPHS2 mutations are not a major cause of familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in Southern Chinese Han ethnic group included in the study.

[Regulation of collagen type I and fibronectin mRNA expression by mechanical stress in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different dynamic tensional and compressive stress on the mRNA expression of collagen type I and fibronectin in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF), and explore the regularity of functional change in hPDLF. METHODS: A new cyclic strain loading apparatus was used for mechanically loading. Cells cultured in vitro were loaded with three levels (1000 microstrain, 2000 microstrain, 4000 microstrain) of tensional and compressive forces and collected at different time (0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h,12 h) course after strain loading. The quantity of collagen type I and fibronectin mRNA was analyzed by means of quantitative real-time PCR with special primers of up- and down-regulated genes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 10.0 software. RESULTS: Different magnitude and different kinds of mechanical forces as well as the force application time significantly changed the expression of collagen type I and fibronectin mRNA in hPDLF. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic mechanical forces could regulate the expression of collagen type I and fibronectin mRNA in hPDLF. Collagen type I and fibronectin participated in the mechanical signal transduction in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

[Effect of gilding technique on the element release of beryllium ion from Vera Bond titanium alloy].

OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of gilding technique on the element release from Vera Bond Ti alloy exposed to artificial saliva. METHODS: To divided experimental group into 4 groups: common used Ti porcelain crown (controlling group, A1), polished Ti porcelain crown (polished group, A2), gilded Ti porcelain crown (gold-plating group, A3), gilded Ti porcelain crown prolonged 50% (gold-plating prolonged 50% group, A4). T measure the quantity of beryllium ion in artificial saliva after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months by means of ICP-AES. So the efect of released beryllium ion with different treatments and the role of different times with the same treatment were compared. RESULTS: The quantity of released beryllium ion was statistic significant among different treatments. The quantity of released beryllium ion was gradually increased with the same treatment. The speed of released beryllium ion was gradually decreased with the same treatment. CONCLUSION: The gilding treatment can decrease the quantity of beryllium ion which released from Ti porcelain crown,and improve the biocompatibility.

[Regulation of integrin beta1 mRNA expression by mechanical stress in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different kinds of mechanical stress on the mRNA expression of integrin beta1 subunit in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF). METHODS: To scalp and remove the periodontal ligament attached to the mid-third part of the fresh root of young premolars extracted for the cause of orthodontics. Cultured hPDLF by the method of digesting by I-type collagenase combining with tissue adhering. Then hPDLF was isolated and purified by cells passage. The sixth passage's cells were selected to be loaded. A new cyclic strain loading apparatus. Forcel four point bending device was used for mechanically loading. Cells were loaded by three levels (1000, 2000, 4000 microstrain) of tensional and compressive forces and collected at different times (0, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 12 h) course after strain loading. The quantity of integrin beta1 mRNA in every group was analyzed by means of quantitative real-time PCR with the special primers of up- and down-regulated genes. RESULTS: Dynamic mechanical forces down-regulated the expression of integrin beta1 subunit mRNA in hPDLF and the difference in groups by different magnitude, different kinds, and different time of mechanical forces loading were statistically significant. The stronger stimulated forces, the more down-regulated expression. Compression down-regulated the expression of integrin beta1 subunit mRNA more than tension did. CONCLUSION: Dynamic mechanical forces could regulate the expression of integrin beta1 subunit mRNA. The difference among all the groups by different magnitudes, different kinds, and different time of mechanical forces loading were statistically significant.

[Effects of continuous adenosine infusion on pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of continuous subcutaneous adenosine infusion on pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were randomized into normoxic group, hypoxic group and adenosine-treated hypoxic group. Hypoxic environment was simulated in a chamber filled with 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen. After 7 days of hypoxia, adenosine were administered subcutaneously in the rats in adenosine-treated group at the rate of 100 microg kg(-1) min(-1) via an Alzet micro-osmotic pump for 14 days, while the pumps in the other two groups contained normal saline. After 21 days of hypoxia, pulmonary artery pressure and tail-cuff blood pressure were measured, with the plasma rennin activity (RA), angiotensin II (AngII), endothelin (ET)-1, and nitric oxide (NO) determined. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the pulmonary artery of the rats was detected using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was significantly higher in the hypoxic group than that in the normoxic group (P<0.01) and in the adenosine-treated group (P<0.01). Plasma ET-1 was significantly higher but plasma NO significantly lower in the hypoxic group than in the normoxic group (P<0.01) and the adenosine-treated group (P<0.01). iNOS expression in the pulmonary artery was higher in the hypoxic group than in normoxic group (P<0.01), and adenosine significantly increased iNOS expression in comparison with the normoxic and hypoxic groups (P<0.01). Plasma RA and AngII in the hypoxic group were significantly higher than those in the normoxic group (P<0.01) and the adenosine-treated (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Adenosine administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion alleviates chronically hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, in which rennin angiotensin system, ET-1, and iNOS/NO play a role.

[Targeted blockage of RNA binding protein E2 by decoy RNA induces the granulocytic differentiation of K562 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To use a decoy RNA targeted blockage of the RNA binding protein E2 (hnRNP E2) resulting in the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) gene's abnormal translation and investigate its effect on the granulocytic differentiation of K562 cells and the probable molecular mechanism. METHODS: The hnRNP E2 decoy RNA expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into K562 cells with cationic liposome, and stable expression cells were obtained by G418 selection. The changes of C/EBP alpha and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) gene expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The morphologic changes were observed after Wright-Giemsa staining. The expression of granulocytic differentiation antigens CD13 and CD15 was studied by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The stably expressed pG cells were obtained. Its C/EBP alpha mRNA level remained unchanged, while 42kD-C/EBP alpha protein expression was increased by (49.7 +/- 5.5)% (P < 0.05); and G-CSFR mRNA was increased by (42.1 +/- 3.6)% (P < .05), and its protein was increased by (37.4 +/- 6.2)% (P < 0.05) compared to that in the K562 control cells. The characteristics of polymorphonuclear neutrophils appeared in pG cells and CD13 and CD15 positive cell ratios were (18.7 +/- 2.5)% and (26.3 +/- 2.9)% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HnRNP E2 decoy RNA can induce granulocytic differentiation of K562 cells, and G-CSF promotes this effect. The mechanisms may be that decoy RNA specifically blocks hnRNP E2, hence regulates the translation of C/ EBP alpha mRNA, restores the expression of 42kD-C/EBP alpha, and then up-regulates the expression of G-CSFR gene.

[Research of morphology for the toothmark in pocket limb].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological changes of toothmarks in pocket limbs and to explore the durative development of bitemarks. METHODS: Firstly a toothmark model was established by using a universal testing machine and a self-made incisor nod which was pressed particularly on pocket limbs. The changes of toothmarks were observed on alive and dead animals with time elapsing. The scopes of bruise and inden were analyzed by soft on digital photos. The depth data of inden were collected by three dimensional laser measurement. RESULTS: The changes in the alive group were faster than that in dead group. There was no obvious fadeaway of bruise during 24 h. The scopes of inden were decreased remarkably in 1 h, while the decrease slowed down in the following hours. CONCLUSION: The changes of indent are fast in pocket limb. It implies that bitemark evidence should be collected as fast as possible in cases.