Dion-Jacobson-Phase 2D Sn-Based Perovskite Comprising a High Dipole Moment of π-Conjugated Short-Chain Organic Spacers for High-Performance Solar Cell Applications.

The stability issue of Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is expected to be resolved by involving a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure. However, Sn-based 2D PSCs, especially Dion-Jacobson (DJ)-phase ones with potentially good stability, have rarely been reported. Herein, superior DJ-phase Sn 2D perovskites with 3-aminobenzylamine (3ABA2+) or 4-aminobenzylamine (4ABA2+) π-conjugated short-chain ligands are reported to fabricate efficient 2D lead-free PSCs. Notably, the high dipole moment of the 3ABAI2 organic spacer is approved to possess faster charge transfer for forming (3ABA)FA4Sn5I16 2D perovskite with an extremely low exciton binding energy (only 84 meV). In combination with a diacetate partial substitution and methylamine iodide/bromide (MAI/MABr) post-treatment strategy to delay crystallization and improve compactness and coverage of the perovskite film, a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.81% and stability of 840 h (less than 5% degradation in a N2 atmosphere for unencapsulated devices) are acquired in eventual (3ABA)FA4Sn5I16 2D PSCs, which are among the highest PCE and the longest stability of Sn-based 2D PSCs reported to date. Our work provides a prospective molecule design and film preparation strategy of 2D Sn perovskites toward nontoxic high-performance tin-based PSCs, which pushes the almost stagnant research forward.

Non-Abelian Topological Phases and Their Quotient Relations in Acoustic Systems.

Non-Abelian topological phases (NATPs) exhibit enigmatic intrinsic physics distinct from well-established Abelian topological phases, while lacking straightforward configuration and manipulation, especially for classical waves. In this Letter, we exploit novel braiding-type couplings among a pair of triple-component acoustic dipoles, which act as functional elements with effective imaginary couplings. Sequencing them in one dimension allows us to generate acoustic NATPs in a compact yet time-reversal invariant Hermitian system. We further provide the whole phase diagram that encompasses all i, j, and k non-Abelian phases, and directly demonstrate their unique quotient relations via different end point states. Our NATPs based on real-space braiding may inspire the exploration of acoustic devices with non-commutative characters.

Parameter design and effectiveness evaluation of wide strip mining of extra thick coal seams under dense buildings.

In order to safeguard the surface structures from mining damage while optimizing the liberation of coal resources under the dense surface buildings of the Cedi River coal mine. Considering that the analysis of the structure and type of surface buildings and the geological mining conditions of the mine, a wide strip mining design with a retention width of 70 m and a mining width of 50 m was finally determined by using the pressure arch theory and Wilson's theory, combined with the actual layout of working faces 51,002, 51,004 and 51,006 at the site.The strip mining design is verified by probability integral method and FLAC3D numerical simulation calculation respectively, The findings indicate that the highest value of earth surface subsidence created by the mining of the wide strip is 210 mm, the surface horizontal deformation value is 1.0 to - 1.4 mm/m, the damage to surface buildings is less than Level I, which satisfying the prerequisites of the surface building protection level, and can realize the continuous advancement of mine 51,002, 51,004 and 51,006 working faces, The coal pillars of the retained strip have sufficient support strength and long-term consistency, and the movement and deformation of the overburden after mining will not cause undulating subsidence of the surface, which effectively solve the mine's technical difficulties in safely coal mining under surface buildings.

Integrative Management of Chemotherapy-Related Fatigue in Lung Cancer Patients with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiqi Erxian.

Objective: To observe the efficacy of Guiqi Erxian granule on chemotherapy-related fatigue in patients with lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 76 lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-related fatigue as the main symptom from January 2017 to May 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, n = 38/group. The patients in the control group received chemotherapy and basic treatment. The patients in the treatment group received oral Guiqi Erxian granule 20 g each time, three times daily, in addition to the chemotherapy and basic treatment. The brief fatigue inventory (BFI) scale, Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS), chronic illness therapy fatigue scale, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale were evaluated on 1 day before treatment, and on day 7 and day 14 of treatment. Adverse reactions were observed and recorded. Results: Compared to the control group, the total score and scores of each dimension of the BFI and CFS decreased in the treatment group; the effect on fatigue severity and fatigue impact scores in the BFI scale, and the emotional and physical dimension scores in the CFS were improved significantly (P < .05). Compared to the control group, except for the social/family well-being, the scores in the other dimensions of the chronic illness therapy-fatigue scale improved significantly (P < .05). Compared to the control group, the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group decreased significantly (P < .05). Conclusion: Guiqi Erxian granules can improve chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, with no obvious side effects, and can be explored as a potential treatment.

Mapping of Long-Wavelength Phonon Contribution in the Thermal Transport of Alloyed Semiconductor Superlattices.

The mapping of long-wavelength phonons is important to understand and manipulate the thermal transport in multilayered structures, but it remains a long-standing challenge due to the collective behaviors of phonons. In this study, an experimental demonstration of mapping the long-wavelength phonons in an alloyed Al0.1Ga0.9As/Al0.9Ga0.1As superlattice system is reported. Multiple strategies to filter out the short- to mid-wavelength phonons are used. The phonon mean-free-path-dependent thermal transport properties directly demonstrate both the suppression effect of the ErAs nanoislands and the contribution of long-wavelength phonons. The contribution from phonons with mean free path longer than 1 µm is clearly demonstrated. A model based on the Boltzmann transport equation is proposed to calculate and describe the thermal transport properties, which depicts a clear physical picture of the transport mechanisms. This method can be extended to map different wavelength phonons and become a universal strategy to explore their thermal transport in various application scenarios.

Gradual pollen presentation in Vaccinium corymbosum 'Bluecrop': an adaptive mechanism to improve pollination efficiency and outcrossing.

Gradual pollen presentation is a plant reproductive mechanism to improve pollination efficiency and accuracy and promote outcrossing. Vaccinium corymbosum 'Bluecrop' has a typical gradual pollen presentation mechanism. 'Bluecrop' exhibits an inverted bell-shaped flower with a white coloration. By investigating the flower syndrome, pollination characteristics, pollination efficiency, and breeding system of 'Bluecrop', this study aims to explore the adaptive significance of these traits. The results showed 'Bluecrop' released pollen gradually through anther poricidal dehiscence. Among different pollinators, Apis mellifera and Bombus can pollinate effectively, and the mechanism of gradual pollen presentation significantly improved the efficiency of pollen transfer. This characteristic limits the amount of pollen removed by the pollinators and prolongs pollen presentation, thus attracting more pollinators and thereby increasing male fitness. The nectar secretion of 'Bluecrop' is gradual, with a large nectar production and a long phase of nectar secretion, enhance visitation frequencies and the chances of successful pollination. At the same time, campanulate corolla can protect pollen as well as nectar from waste due to environmental factors and other effects. The breeding system of 'Bluecrop' relies mainly on outcrossing because of its low affinity for self-fertilization and good interaction with pollinating insects. Thus, the special floral syndrome and the mechanism of secondary pollen presentation are significant in improving pollination efficiency and promoting the reproductive success of 'Bluecrop' by outcrossing. It can provide a certain theoretical basis for the future propagation breeding of 'Bluecrop'.

Z-Type Ligand Enables Efficient and Stable Deep-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

During the synthesis of deep-blue perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), they generally emerge as a two-dimensional byproduct with poor yield and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to amine ligand enrichment-induced abundant surface defects. Herein, we provide a colloidal synthesis method to prepare deep-blue CsPbBr3 PQDs in a green nontoxic solvent via strategic Z-type ligand engineering. Z-type ligands of zinc octanoate enable the formation of robust coordination bonds with surface bromide ions of PQDs, maintaining acid-base equilibrium and reducing excess amine enrichment on the PQDs surface. Consequently, homogeneous and monodispersed PQDs with improved PLQY of 73% are successfully synthesized, achieving efficient deep-blue LEDs with a peak EQE of 5.46%, a maximum luminance of 847.6 cd/m2, and an operational half-lifetime of 14 min. The devices exhibit color coordinates of (0.137, 0.049), closely approximating the Rec. 2020 blue standard. Our work offers a potentially eco-friendly and viable route for realizing high-performance LEDs in the deep-blue region.

Consumption of toxic benthic cyanobacteria by two common demersal fish: Growth, antioxidant and liver histopathology responses.

Benthic freshwater cyanobacteria have the potential to produce toxins. Compared with more extensively studied plankton species, little is known about the impact of harmful benthic cyanobacteria on aquatic organisms. As demersal fish are usually in direct contact with benthic cyanobacteria, it is important to understand their interactive effects. This study investigated the physio-chemical responses of two demersal fish (Xenocypris davidi and Crucian carp) after exposure to benthic Oscillatoria (producing cylindrospermopsin, 2 × 106 cells/mL) for 7 days. Interestingly, benthic Oscillatoria had less adverse effects on X. davidi than C. carp. The two demersal fish effectively ingested Oscillatoria, but Oscillatoria cell sheathes could not be fully digested in C. carp intestines and led to growth inhibition. Oscillatoria consumption induced oxidative stress and triggered alterations in detoxification enzyme activities in the X. davidi liver. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities significantly increased in the C. carp liver, but catalase (CAT) and detoxification enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) activities were insignificantly changed. This suggested that C. carp may have a relatively weak detoxification capacity for toxic Oscillatoria. Oscillatoria ingestion led to more pronounced liver pathological changes in C. carp, including swelling, deformation, and loss of cytoskeleton structure. Simultaneously, fish consumption of Oscillatoria increased extracellular cylindrospermopsin concentration. These results provide valuable insights into the ecological risks associated with benthic cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems.

Two-dimensional Cs3Sb2Br9 inducing transformation of three-dimensional CsPbBr3 to nanoplates.

This communication describes an effective morphological control strategy involving introducing two-dimensional (2D) Cs3Sb2Br9 to induce a transformation of three-dimensional (3D) CsPbBr3 to 2D nanoplates (NPLs). By tuning the Sb/Pb ratio, 2D CsPbBr3 NPLs exhibiting a deep-blue emission centered at a wavelength of 464 nm with an FWHM of 24 nm have been produced. The absence of organic ligands in these high-quality 2D NPLs mitigate the instability issue induced by organic ligand migration and penetration, and these NPLs exhibit 80% of the initial PL intensity after 55 days.

Sodium butyrate impedes the lymphoma caused by Marek's disease virus via regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Sodium butyrate (NaB) has garnered attention in recent years for its ability to impede the malignant progression of tumors. In order to explore the potential inhibitory effects of NaB on the replication of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and subsequent lymphoma formation, newly hatched chickens were infected with the vvMDV Md5 strain and administered NaB prior to (prevention group) or following (treatment group) Md5 inoculation. The results revealed that NaB played a pivotal role in diminishing both the incidence and fatality rates in chickens afflicted with Md5 infection. Notably, NaB exhibited a remarkable capacity to inhibit the expression of MDV immediate early genes, i.e., ICP4 and ICP27, thus attenuating tumorigenesis in the chicken spleen. To further elucidate the mechanism of NaB on lymphoma cells, MDV bearing lymphoma cells, i.e., MSB-1 were exposed to NaB for 24 h prior to various experimental tests. The results revealed that NaB effectively hindered the proliferation, migration, and colony formation of MSB-1 cells. Furthermore, NaB demonstrated the ability to modulate the key molecules in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Taken together, these findings reveal that NaB can impede the lymphoma caused by MDV via regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the utilization of NaB warrants serious consideration as a promising approach for the prevention of MDV.

Radiomics-based nomogram guides adaptive de-intensification in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma following induction chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to construct a radiomics-based model for prognosis and benefit prediction of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) following induction chemotherapy (IC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 718 LANPC patients treated with IC + IMRT or IC + CCRT were retrospectively enrolled and assigned to a training set (n = 503) and a validation set (n = 215). Radiomic features were extracted from pre-IC and post-IC MRI. After feature selection, a delta-radiomics signature was built with LASSO-Cox regression. A nomogram incorporating independent clinical indicators and the delta-radiomics signature was then developed and evaluated for calibration and discrimination. Risk stratification by the nomogram was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: The delta-radiomics signature, which comprised 19 selected features, was independently associated with prognosis. The nomogram, composed of the delta-radiomics signature, age, T category, N category, treatment, and pre-treatment EBV DNA, showed great calibration and discrimination with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.85) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.64-0.85) in the training and validation sets. Risk stratification by the nomogram, excluding the treatment factor, resulted in two groups with distinct overall survival. Significantly better outcomes were observed in the high-risk patients with IC + CCRT compared to those with IC + IMRT, while comparable outcomes between IC + IMRT and IC + CCRT were shown for low-risk patients. CONCLUSION: The radiomics-based nomogram can predict prognosis and survival benefits from concurrent chemotherapy for LANPC following IC. Low-risk patients determined by the nomogram may be potential candidates for omitting concurrent chemotherapy during IMRT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The radiomics-based nomogram was constructed for risk stratification and patient selection. It can help guide clinical decision-making for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma following induction chemotherapy, and avoid unnecessary toxicity caused by overtreatment. KEY POINTS: • The benefits from concurrent chemotherapy remained controversial for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma following induction chemotherapy. • Radiomics-based nomogram achieved prognosis and benefits prediction of concurrent chemotherapy. • Low-risk patients defined by the nomogram were candidates for de-intensification.

Flexible nanohybrid substrates utilizing gold nanocubes/nano mica platelets with 3D lightning-rod effect for highly efficient bacterial biosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

In this study, gold nanocubes (AuNCs) were quickly synthesized using the seed-mediated growth method and reduced onto the surface of two-dimensional (2D) delaminated nano mica platelets (NMPs), enabling the development of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids with a 3D lightning-rod effect. First, the growth-solution amount can be changed to easily adjust the AuNCs average-particle size within a range of 30-70 nm. The use of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as a protective agent allowed the surface of AuNCs and nanohybrids to be positively charged. Positively charged nanohybrid surfaces presented a good adsorption effect for detecting molecules with negative charges on the surface. Additionally, the NMP surfaces were rich in ionic charges and provided a large specific surface area for stabilizing the growth of AuNCs. Delaminated AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids can generate a 3D hotspot effect through self-assembly to enhance the Raman signal. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is highly sensitive in detecting adenine biomolecules. Its limit of detection (LOD) and Raman enhancement factor reached 10-9 M and 3.6 × 108, respectively. Excellent reproducibility was obtained owing to the relatively regular arrangement of AuNC particles, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 10.7%. Finally, the surface of NMPs was modified by adding the hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene)-diamine (POE2000) and amphiphilic PIB-POE-PIB copolymer at different weight ratios. The adjustment of the surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids led to better adsorption and selectivity for bacteria. AuNCs/POE/NMPs and AuNCs/PIB-POE-PIB/NMPs were further applied to the SERS detection of hydrophilic Staphylococcus aureus and hydrophobic Escherichia coli, respectively. The SERS-detection results suggest that the LOD of hydrophilic Staphylococcus aureus and hydrophobic Escherichia coli reached 92 CFU mL-1 and 1.6 × 102 CFU mL-1, respectively. The AuNCs/POE/NMPs and AuNCs/PIB-POE-PIB/NMPs nanohybrids had different hydrophilic-hydrophobic affinities, which greatly improved the selectivity and sensitivity for detecting bacteria with different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Therefore, fast, highly selective, and highly sensitive SERS biological-detection results were obtained.

Observation of Free-Boundary-Induced Chiral Anomaly Bulk States in Elastic Twisted Kagome Metamaterials.

Chiral anomaly bulk states (CABSs) can be realized by choosing appropriate boundary conditions in a finite-size waveguide composed of two-dimensional Dirac semimetals, which have unidirectional and robust transport similar to that of valley edge states. CABSs use almost all available guiding space, which greatly improves the utilization of metamaterials. Here, free-boundary-induced CABSs in elastic twisted kagome metamaterials with C_{3v} symmetry are experimentally confirmed. The robust valley-locked transport and complete valley state conversion are experimentally observed. Importantly, the sign of the group velocity near the K and K^{'} points can be reversed by suspending masses at the boundary to manipulate the onsite potential. Moreover, CABSs are demonstrated in nanoelectromechanical phononic crystals by constructing an impedance-mismatched hard boundary. These results open new possibilities for designing more compact, space-efficient, and robust elastic wave macro- and microfunctional devices.

Monolithic Strong Coupling of Topological Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on Lithium Niobate.

Coherent phonon transfer via high-quality factor (Q) mechanical resonator strong coupling has garnered significant interest. Yet, the practical applications of these strongly coupled resonator devices are largely constrained by their vulnerability to fabrication defects. In this study, topological strong coupling of gigahertz frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators with lithium niobate is achieved. The nanoscale grooves are etched onto the lithium niobate surface to establish robust SAW topological interface states (TISs). By constructing phononic crystal (PnC) heterostructures, a strong coupling of two SAW TISs, achieving a maximum Rabi splitting of 22 MHz and frequency quality factor product fQm of ≈1.2 × 1013 Hz, is realized. This coupling can be tuned by adjusting geometric parameters and a distinct spectral anticrossing is experimentally observed. Furthermore, a dense wavelength division multiplexing device based on the coupling of multiple TISs is demonstrated. These findings open new avenues for the development of practical topological acoustic devices for on-chip sensing, filtering, phonon entanglement, and beyond.

Focusing Micromechanical Polaritons in Topologically Nontrivial Hyperbolic Metasurfaces.

Vertically stacked multiple atomically thin layers have recently widened the landscape of rich optical structures thanks to these quantum metamaterials or van der Waals (vdW) materials, featuring hyperbolic polaritons with unprecedented avenues for light. Despite their far-reaching implications, most of their properties rest entirely on a trivial band topological origin. Here, a 2D approach is adopted toward a micromechanical vdW analogue that, as a result of engineered chiral and mirror symmetries, provides topologically resilient hyperbolic radiation of mechanical vibrations in the ultrasonic regime. By applying laser vibrometry of the micrometer-sized metasurface, we are able to exhibit the exotic fingerprints of robust hyperbolic radiation spanning several frequencies, which beyond their physical relevance, may enable ultrasonic technologies.

Application of Nanohybrid Substrates with Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembling Properties to High-Sensitivity Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection.

The present study was conducted to prepare and investigate large-area, high-sensitivity surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Organic/inorganic nanohybrid dispersants consisting of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer (hereafter referred to simply as "copolymer") and graphene oxide (GO) were used to stabilize the growth and size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Ion-dipole forces were present between the AuNPs and copolymer dispersants, while the hydrogen bonds between GO and the copolymer prevented the aggregation of GO, thereby stabilizing the AuNP/GO nanohybrids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the AuNPs had particle sizes of 25-35 nm and a relatively uniform size distribution. The AuNP/GO nanohybrids were deposited onto the glass substrate by using the solution drop-casting method and employed for SERS detection. The self-assembling properties of two-dimensional sheet-like GO led to a regular lamellar arrangement of AuNP/GO nanohybrids, which could be used for the preparation of large-area SERS substrates. Following removal of the copolymer by annealing at 300 °C for 2 h, measurements were obtained under scanning electron microscopy. The results confirmed that 2D GO nanosheets were capable of stabilizing AuNPs, with the final size reaching approximately 40 nm. These AuNPs were adsorbed on both sides of the GO nanosheets. Because the GO nanosheets were merely 5 nm-thick, a good three-dimensional hot-junction effect was generated along the z-axis of the AuNPs. Lastly, the prepared material was used for the SERS detection of rhodamine 6G (R6G), a commonly used highly fluorescent dye. An enhancement factor (EF) of up to 3.5 × 106 was achieved, and the limit of detection was approximately 10-10 M. Detection limits of 10-10 M and < 10-10 M were also observed with the detection of Direct Blue 200 and the biological molecule adenine. It is therefore evident that AuNP/copolymer/GO nanohybrids are large-area flexible SERS substrates that hold great potential in environmental monitoring and biological system detection applications.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy shows major pathological response and low recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and survival outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade (neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy) for patients with resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with initially diagnosed, resectable HNSCCs who received the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and radical surgery were included. Correlation analysis between patients' clinical characteristics and pathological responses, and survival analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients were included. The majority of patients (55, 69.6%) were diagnosed at locally advanced stages and most of them (58, 73.4%) had tumor located at the oral cavity. Nearly half of patients (35, 44.3%) received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and the rest had three or more cycles. The R0 resection rate was 98.7%. In the pathological evaluation, 53.1% of patients reached pathological complete responses or major pathological responses. After a median follow-up of 17.0 months, the 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 87.2% and 97.4%, respectively. The pathological response showed a significantly positive association with survival benefits (p < 0.001). Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer had the best pathological response and survival outcomes. Besides, history of radiation at head and neck region and poor pathological response were found to be independent risk factors of DFS for patients receiving such treatments. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy of HNSCC showed high rate of pathological response and low recurrence rate, holding promise for becoming the new standard of care for resectable HNSCC.

The toxicological effects of life-cycle exposure to harmful benthic cyanobacteria Oscillatoria on zebrafish growth and reproduction: A comparative study with planktonic Microcystis.

The risks of planktonic cyanobacteria blooms have been the focus of much scientific research, but studies on the ecotoxicological effects of benthic cyanobacteria are lagging. The impacts of cyanobacteria cells on fish populations might be more complex in contrast to purified cyanotoxins or cyanobacteria extracts. This study systematically compared the chronic effects of benthic Oscillatoria sp. (producing cylindrospermopsins) and planktonic Microcystis aeruginosa (producing microcystins) on the growth and reproduction of zebrafish through life-cycle exposure (5- 90 days post fertilization). The results showed that both Oscillatoria sp. and M. aeruginosa exposure caused growth inhibition and fecundity reduction in F0 generation by disrupting sex hormone levels, delayed ovarian and sperm development, and induced pathological lesions in zebrafish gonads. Furthermore, exposure to Oscillatoria sp. or M. aeruginosa in adult zebrafish increased mortality and teratogenicity in F1 embryos (without exposure), indicating a parental transmission effect of developmental toxicity. The difference was that M. aeruginosa exposure led to significant alterations in pathways, such as tissue development, redox processes, and steroid hormone synthesis. In contrast, Oscillatoria sp. exposure primarily disrupted the PPAR signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, and lipid transport pathways. Interestingly, the differentially expressed genes revealed that male fish were more sensitive to harmful cyanobacteria than females, whether exposed to Oscillatoria sp. or M. aeruginosa. These findings contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of the chronic toxic effects of distinct types of harmful cyanobacteria, suggesting that the ecological risk of benthic cyanobacteria requires further attention.

Photon-phonon collaboratively pumped laser.

In 1917, Einstein considered stimulated photon emission of electron radiation, offering the theoretical foundation for laser, technically achieved in 1960. However, thermal phonons along with heat creation of non-radiative transition, are ineffective, even playing a detrimental role in lasing efficiency. Here, we realize a photon-phonon collaboratively pumped laser enhanced by heat in a counterintuitive way. We observe a laser transition from phonon-free 1064 nm lasing to phonon-pumped 1176 nm lasing in Nd:YVO4 crystal, associated with the phonon-pumped population inversion under high temperatures. Moreover, an additional temperature threshold (Tth) appears besides the photon-pump power threshold (Pth), and a two-dimensional lasing phase diagram is verified with a general relation ruled by Pth = C/Tth (constant C upon loss for a given crystal), similar to Curie's Law. Our strategy will promote the study of laser physics via dimension extension, searching for highly efficient and low-threshold laser devices via this temperature degree of freedom.

Bulk-local-density-of-state correspondence in topological insulators.

In the quest to connect bulk topological quantum numbers to measurable parameters in real materials, current established approaches often necessitate specific conditions, limiting their applicability. Here we propose and demonstrate an approach to link the non-trivial hierarchical bulk topology to the multidimensional partition of local density of states (LDOS), denoted as the bulk-LDOS correspondence. In finite-size topologically nontrivial photonic crystals, we observe the LDOS partitioned into three distinct regions: a two-dimensional interior bulk area, a one-dimensional edge region, and zero-dimensional corner sites. Contrarily, topologically trivial cases exhibit uniform LDOS distribution across the entire two-dimensional bulk area. Our findings provide a general framework for distinguishing topological insulators and uncovering novel aspects of topological directional band-gap materials, even in the absence of in-gap states.