ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between retinal detachment and retrobulbar cysts in patients with optic nerve coloboma (ONC) and Morning Glory syndrome (MGS). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with either ONC or MGS were identified through a search of the Sick Kids database. Seventy-one patients either agreed to come in for a B-scan or had an incidental orbital B-scan or magnetic resonance imaging or both. Eyes with orbital B-scan ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging images were assessed independently by two ophthalmologists and a radiologist for the presence of retrobulbar cysts. Retinal detachment was identified clinically with either indirect ophthalmoscopy or from fundus photographs. RESULTS: Forty-five of 71 (63%) and 26/71 (37%) patients had ONC and MGS, respectively. Retinal detachment occurred significantly more often in eyes with MGS than with ONC (9/17 [53%] vs. 5/45 [11%], P = 0.03, respectively). Retrobulbar cysts were not detected more often in MGS than in ONC (11/45 [24%] vs. 7/26 [27%]; P = 1.0). Eyes with retrobulbar cysts were significantly more likely to be associated with retinal detachment than those without (7/18 [39%] vs. 7/53 [13%]; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Retinal detachment occurs more frequently in MGS than in ONC in a cohort of patients referred to a specialist children's retinal service. Eyes with retrobulbar cysts are more likely to be associated with retinal detachment.
Subject(s)
Coloboma/complications , Optic Disk/abnormalities , Optic Nerve Diseases/complications , Optic Nerve/abnormalities , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Child, Preschool , Cysts/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Optic Nerve Diseases/epidemiology , Orbital Diseases/epidemiology , Retinal Detachment/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess how polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is recognized and treated, and to assess whether treatment outcomes are different between Chinese and Caucasian Canadian patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PARTICIPANTS: 154 eyes from 135 Chinese patients and 2291 eyes from 1792 Caucasian patients who were newly diagnosed with either AMD or PCV and had more than 1 year of follow-up were included. METHODS: All newly diagnosed AMD patients presenting to the Retina Service of 3 Toronto University Hospitals, between March 25, 2008, to September 30, 2014, were reviewed. RESULTS: 10/154 eyes (6.5%) in Chinese Canadians and 16/2291 eyes (0.7%) in Caucasian Canadians were diagnosed as having PCV. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was used to diagnose PCV in 20% of Chinese Canadians and 8.8% of Caucasian Canadians. Clinical practices with a larger percentage of Chinese patients were more likely to diagnose PCV in both Chinese (p = 0.004) and Caucasian patients (p = 0.03), were more likely to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) (p < 0.01), and had significantly greater central retinal thickness decrease (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that PCV is under-recognized in a Canadian population, and ICGA is underutilized. In clinical practices with a greater portion of Chinese patients, PCV is more often recognized and PDT is used more liberally.
Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis , Coloring Agents/administration & dosage , Indocyanine Green/administration & dosage , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Photochemotherapy , Polyps/diagnosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Asian People/ethnology , Canada/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Choroidal Neovascularization/surgery , Choroidal Neovascularization/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Macular Degeneration/surgery , Macular Degeneration/therapy , Male , Polyps/drug therapy , Polyps/surgery , Polyps/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Visual Acuity/physiology , White People/ethnologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess patterns and outcomes of a "Treat and Extend" dosing regimen of ranibizumab in patients with age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty two treatment-naive age-related macular degeneration patients starting therapy with ranibizumab between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2012, at the Ivey Eye Institute were reviewed, and 79 met inclusion criteria. Patients on Treat and Extend dosing regimen underwent an induction phase with monthly injections and then moved onto an extension phase. Change in visual acuity and central retinal thickness during the induction and extension phases were recorded. RESULTS: During the induction phase, patients had a significant gain in vision and decrease in central retinal thickness (+8.4 letters, P < 0.001 and -81.3 µm, P < 0.001). During the extension phase, patients did not have significant change in vision (-0.5 letters, P = 0.81) and did not have significant change in central retinal thickness (-11.5 µm, P = 0.17). The average extension interval between treatments was 47.7 days, with patients receiving an average of 8.6 injections per year. Cost analysis showed it cost US $16,659 to treat 1 patient in the first year on Treat and Extend dosing regimen compared with US $20,614 on monthly dosing. CONCLUSION: Treat and Extend dosing regimen allows similar visual outcomes to monthly dosing, while reducing the total number of injections, visits, and overall cost.
