Development of a Nomogram That Predicts the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to construct a risk prediction model. Methods: The participants in this case-control study were from the cardiovascular Department of Changzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from June 2016 to June 2023, and they were divided into AF group and non-AF group according to whether AF occurred during hospitalization. The clinical data of the two groups were compared by retrospective analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of AF occurrence in CHD patients. The nomogram model was constructed with R 4.2.6 language "rms" package, and the model's differentiation, calibration and effectiveness were evaluated by drawing ROC curve, calibration curve and decision curve. Results: A total of 1258 patients with CHD were included, and they were divided into AF group (n=92) and non-AF group (n=1166) according to whether AF was complicated. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, coronary multiple branch lesion, history of heart failure, history of drinking, pulmonary hypertension, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for the occurrence of AF in CHD patients (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUC of this model was 0.956 (95% CI (0.916, 0.995)) and the consistency index was 0.966. The calibration curve of the model is close to the ideal curve. The analysis of decision curve shows that the prediction value of the model is better when the probability threshold of the model is 0.042~0.963. Conclusion: The nomogram model established in this study for predicting the risk of AF in patients with CHD has better predictive performance and has certain reference value for clinical identification of high-risk groups prone to AF in patients with CHD.

The BioCascade Impactor: A novel device for direct collection of size-fractionated bioaerosols into liquid medium.

The ability to collect size-fractionated airborne particles that contain viable bacteria and fungi directly into liquid medium while also maintaining their viability is critical for assessing exposure risks. In this study, we present the BioCascade impactor, a novel device designed to collect airborne particles into liquid based on their aerodynamic diameter in three sequential stages (>9.74 µm, 3.94-9.74 µm, and 1.38-3.94 µm when operated at 8.5 L/min). Aerosol samples containing microorganisms - either Saccharomyces kudriavzevii or Micrococcus luteus, were used to evaluate the performance of the BioCascade (BC) paired with either the VIable Virus Aerosol Sampler (VIVAS) or a gelatin filter (GF) as stage 4 to collect particles <1.38 µm. Stages 2 and 3 collected the largest fractions of viable S. kudriavzevii when paired with VIVAS (0.468) and GF (0.519), respectively. Stage 3 collected the largest fraction of viable M. luteus particles in both BC+VIVAS (0.791) and BC+GF (0.950) configurations. The distribution function of viable microorganisms was consistent with the size distributions measured by the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Testing with both bioaerosol species confirmed no internal loss and no re-aerosolization occurred within the BC. Irrespective of the bioaerosol tested, stages 1, 3 and 4 maintained ≥80% of viability, while stage 2 maintained only 37% and 73% of viable S. kudriavzevii and M. luteus, respectively. The low viability that occurred in stage 2 warrants further investigation. Our work shows that the BC can efficiently size-classify and collect bioaerosols without re-aerosolization and effectively maintain the viability of collected microorganisms.

NPAS2 dampens chemo-sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells by enhancing DNA damage repair.

Chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, have remained a cornerstone of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) treatment and continue to play an essential role in clinical practice, despite remarkable progress in therapeutic strategies. Hence, a thorough comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapeutic agent resistance is paramount. Our investigation centered on the potential involvement of the NPAS2 gene in LUAD, which is highly expressed in tumors and its high expression has been associated with unfavorable overall survival rates in patients. Intriguingly, we observed that the depletion of NPAS2 in LUAD cells resulted in increased susceptibility to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that NPAS2 deficiency downregulated genes crucial to DNA repair. Additionally, NPAS2 depletion significantly impairs γH2AX accumulation, a pivotal component of the DNA damage response. Further investigation demonstrates that NPAS2 plays a crucial role in DNA double-strand breakage repair via homology-directed repair (HDR). Our inquiry into the molecular mechanisms underlying NPAS2 regulation of DDR revealed that it may enhance the stability of H2AX mRNA by binding to its mRNA, thereby upregulating the DNA damage repair pathway. In-vivo experiments further confirmed the crucial role of NPAS2 in modulating the effect of cisplatin in LUAD. Taken together, our findings suggest that NPAS2 binds to and enhances the stability of H2AX mRNA, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy by augmenting DNA damage repair.

Ultralong Nanowires of Cadmium Phosphate Hydroxide Synthesized Using a Cadmium Oleate Precursor Hydrothermal Method and Sulfidation Conversion to Ultralong CdS Nanowires.

Ultralong nanowires with ultrahigh aspect ratios exhibit high flexibility, and they are promising for applications in various fields. Herein, a cadmium oleate precursor hydrothermal method is developed for the synthesis of ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide. In this method, water-soluble cadmium salt is used as the cadmium source, water-soluble phosphate is used as the phosphorus source, and sodium oleate is adopted as a reactant to form cadmium oleate precursor and as a structure-directing agent. By using this method, ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide are successfully synthesized using CdCl2, sodium oleate, and NaH2PO4 as reactants in an aqueous solution by hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 24 h. In addition, a new type of flexible fire-resistant inorganic paper with good electrical insulation performance is fabricated using ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide. As an example of the extended application of this synthetic method, ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide can be converted to ultralong CdS nanowires through a convenient sulfidation reaction. In this way, ultralong CdS nanowires are successfully synthesized by simple sulfidation of ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide under mild conditions. The as-prepared ultralong nanowires of cadmium phosphate hydroxide are promising for applications as the precursors and templates for synthesizing other inorganic ultralong nanowires and have wide applications in various fields.

Salt-rejecting 3D cone flowing evaporator based on bilayer photothermal paper for high-performance solar seawater desalination.

Solar energy-driven water evaporation technology is a promising, low-cost and sustainable approach to alleviate the global clean water shortage, but usually suffers from low water evaporation rate and severe salt deposition on the water evaporation surface. In this work, a hydrophilic bilayer photothermal paper-based three-dimensional (3D) cone flowing evaporator was designed and prepared for stable high-performance seawater desalination with excellent salt-rejecting ability. The as-prepared bilayer photothermal paper consisted of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and HAA (ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires, poly(acrylic acid), and poly(acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester)). The accordion-like multilayered MXene acted as the efficient solar light absorber, and ultralong hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires served as the thermally insulating and supporting skeleton with a porous networked structure. A siphon effect-driven unidirectional fluid transportation unit in the 3D cone flowing evaporator could guide the concentrated saline flowing away from the evaporating surface to prevent salt deposition on the evaporation surface, avoiding severe deterioration of the performance in solar water evaporation. Furthermore, combining high solar light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiencies, low water evaporation enthalpy (1838 ±â€¯11 J g-1), and additional energy taken from the ambient environment, the as-prepared cone flowing evaporator exhibited a high water evaporation rate of 3.22 ±â€¯0.20 kg m-2 h-1 for real seawater under one sun illumination (1 kW m-2), which was significantly higher than many values reported in the literature. This study provides an effective approach for designing high-performance solar energy-driven water evaporators for sustainable seawater desalination and wastewater purification.

Detection and isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants collected from residential settings.

Airborne transmission of infectious (viable) SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly accepted as the primary manner by which the virus is spread from person to person. Risk of exposure to airborne virus is higher in enclosed and poorly ventilated spaces. We present a study focused on air sampling within residences occupied by individuals with COVID-19. Air samplers (BioSpot-VIVAS, VIVAS, and BC-251) were positioned in primary- and secondary-occupancy regions in seven homes. Swab samples were collected from high-touch surfaces. Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 was attempted for samples with virus detectable by RT-qPCR. Viable virus was quantified by plaque assay, and complete virus genome sequences were obtained for selected samples from each sampling day. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 24 of 125 samples (19.2%) by RT-qPCR and isolated from 14 (11.2%) in cell cultures. It was detected in 80.9% (17/21) and cultured from 61.9% (13/21) of air samples collected using water condensation samplers, compared to swab samples which had a RT-qPCR detection rate of 10.5% (4/38) and virus isolation rate of 2.63% (1/38). No statistically significant differences existed in the likelihood of virus detection by RT-qPCR or amount of infectious virus in the air between areas of primary and secondary occupancy within residences. Our work provides information about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the air within homes of individuals with COVID-19. Information herein can help individuals make informed decisions about personal exposure risks when sharing indoor spaces with infected individuals isolating at home and further inform health departments and the public about SARS-CoV-2 exposure risks within residences.

Bioinspired Aerogel with Vertically Ordered Channels and Low Water Evaporation Enthalpy for High-Efficiency Salt-Rejecting Solar Seawater Desalination and Wastewater Purification.

Solar energy-driven water evaporation is a promising sustainable strategy to purify seawater and contaminated water. However, developing solar evaporators with high water evaporation rates and excellent salt resistance still faces a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the long-range ordered structure and water transportation capability of lotus stem, a biomimetic aerogel with vertically ordered channels and low water evaporation enthalpy for high-efficiency solar energy-driven salt-resistant seawater desalination and wastewater purification is developed. The biomimetic aerogel consists of ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires as heat-insulating skeletons, polydopamine-modified MXene as a photothermal material with broadband sunlight absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol as reagents to lower the water evaporation enthalpy and as glues to enhance the mechanical performance. The honeycomb porous structure, unidirectionally aligned microchannels, and nanowire/nanosheet/polymer pore wall endow the biomimetic aerogel with excellent mechanical properties, rapid water transportation, and excellent solar water evaporation performance. The biomimetic aerogel exhibits a high water evaporation rate (2.62 kg m-2  h-1 ) and energy efficiency (93.6%) under one sun irradiation. The superior salt-rejecting ability of the designed water evaporator enables stable and continuous seawater desalination, which is promising for application in water purification to mitigate the global water crisis.

Identification of a prognostic cuproptosis-related signature in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cuproptosis is a new type of copper-induced cell death that is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The goal of this research is to develop a cuproptosis-related signature predicting the prognosis of HCC. METHODS: The cuproptosis-related genes were defined using Pearson correlation coefficients. LASSO-Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic values of cuproptosis-related genes to construct a cuproptosis-related prognostic model. The immune microenvironment analysis was performed by "ssGSEA" to reveal the associated immune cell infiltration patterns with the cuproptosis-related genes signature. The expression levels of one of the prognostic genes PDXK were then verified in HCC samples by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. The potential roles of target genes in cuproptosis were further explored during in-vitro experiments. RESULTS: A total of 136 cuproptosis-related genes were discovered using Pearson correlation analysis in HCC. A cuproptosis-related signature that included 5 cuproptosis-related genes (PDXK, HPN, SLC25A28, RNFT1, CLEC3B) was established in the TCGA-LIHC training cohort. TCGA validation cohort and another two external validation cohorts confirmed the robustness of the signature's predictive value. Moreover, a nomogram using the risk score was created to best predict the survival of HCC patients. The immune microenvironment analysis revealed distinct immune infiltrations patterns between different risk groups based on the signature model. Furthermore, the upregulation of PDXK was confirmed in HCC tumor tissues in 30 clinical HCC specimens. The knockdown of PDXK reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Besides, the expression of PDXK was upregulated after the induction of cuproptosis by elesclomol-CuCL2, which could be suppressed when pretreated with a copper ion chelator. And PDXK deficiency increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to cuproptosis inducer. CONCLUSION: Our study identified a new cuproptosis-related gene signature that could predict the prognosis of HCC patient. Besides, the upregulated PDXK could promote the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. And PDXK deficiency facilities cuproptosis in HCC. Therefore, these fundings highlighted that PDXK might serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.

Identification of Ferroptosis-related molecular model and immune subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma for individual therapy.

BACKGROUND: Excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation are primary characteristics of ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ferroptosis inducer combined with immunotherapy has become a new hope for HCC patients. Therefore, the construction and validation of subtype-specific sensitivity to ferroptosis inducer will be helpful for hierarchical management and precise individual therapy. METHODS: RNA-seq transcriptome and clinical data of HCC patients were extracted from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Consistency matrix and data clustering of the both cohorts were constructed by 'ConsensusClusterPlus' package. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) analysis was performed to evaluate immune infiltration. Cox analysis was utilized to construct a ferroptosis phenotype-related prognostic model (FRPM) in HCC. The predictive efficiency of the constructed FRPM was evaluated through Kaplan Meier (K-M) survival analyses and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected and validated by Real-Time PCR between liver cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. RESULTS: 45 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were identified between HCC tissues and non-tumor liver tissues. Furthermore, four ferroptosis-associated clusters (FACs) of HCC were established via consensus clustering. Subsequently, we established a FRPM, consisting of four prognostic genes (SLC7A11, SLC1A5, GCLM and SAT1), to evaluate the survival of HCC patients, based on which, patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group. The high-risk group exhibited worse survival compared to low-risk group (p < 0.0001 both in TCGA and ICGC cohorts). Patients belong to different FACs or different risk scores showed distinct clinical characteristics. Moreover, in the validation experiment, the transcriptional expression levels of the four prognostic genes were consistent with the results drew from datasets. CONCLUSION: We revealed a novel FRGs signature, which may provide the molecular characteristic data for effectively prognostic evaluation and potential personalized therapy for HCC patients.

TRIM24 is critical for the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks through regulating the recruitment of MRN complex.

The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex plays a crucial role in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) sensing and initiation of signaling cascades. However, the precise mechanisms by which the recruitment of MRN complex is regulated has yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified TRIpartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), a protein considered as an oncogene overexpressed in cancers, as a novel signaling molecule in response to DSBs. TRIM24 is essential for DSBs-induced recruitment of MRN complex and activation of downstream signaling. In the absence of TRIM24, MRN mediated DSBs repair is remarkably diminished. Mechanistically, TRIM24 is phosphorylated by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and then recruited to DSBs sites, facilitating the accumulation of the MRN components to chromatin. Depletion of TRIM24 sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cancer therapy agent-induced apoptosis and retards the tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor mouse model. Together, our data reveal a novel function of TRIM24 in response to DSBs through regulating the MRN complex, which suggests that TRIM24 may be a potential therapeutic molecular target for tumor treatment.

Identification and validation of a novel cuproptosis-related signature as a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Cuproptosis is a novel form of copper-induced cell death that targets lipoylated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins. However, its prognostic role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to establish a cuproptosis-related prognostic signature for patients with LUAD. Methods: Transcriptome data of LUAD samples were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The prognostic value of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) was investigated using Cox regression analysis to develop a cuproptosis-related prognostic model. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology (GO) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were conducted to characterize different biological activities or pathways between high- or low-CRG groups. The expression pattern and prognostic values of CRGs were validated in 37 paired tumor-normal samples using quantitative PCR. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between cuproptosis and CRG expression and to explore the function of target genes in cuproptosis. Results: Among the 36 CRGs, 17 genes were upregulated, and 3 genes were downregulated in LUAD. A total of 385 CRGs were identified using Pearson correlation analysis. A cuproptosis-related signature was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. The prognostic value of the cuproptosis-related signature was validated in six external validation cohorts and in LUAD specimens from our facility. Patients in the high-risk group based on the CRG signature score had shorter overall survival than those in the low-risk group in both the datasets and clinical specimens. In vitro experiments revealed that the expression of BARX1, GFRA3, and KHDRBS2 was upregulated after cuproptosis was induced by elesclomol-CuCL2, whereas the upregulation was suppressed on pretreatment with tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), a chelator of copper. Further, the cell proliferation assay revealed that the BARX1 and GFRA3 deficiency facilities the cuproptosis induced by elesclomol-CuCL2. Conclusion: This study established a new CRG signature that can be used to predict the OS of LUAD patients. Moreover, the knockdown of BARX1 and GFRA3 could increase the sensitivity of LUAD cells to the cuproptosis.

Pan-cancer analysis of cuproptosis regulation patterns and identification of mTOR-target responder in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of cuproptosis, a novel copper-induced cell death by regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-related genes, has been reported to regulate oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) in cancers and can be regarded as potential therapeutic strategies in cancer; however, the characteristics of cuproptosis in pan-cancer have not been elucidated. METHODS: The multi-omics data of The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to evaluate the cuproptosis-associated characteristics across 32 tumor types. A cuproptosis enrichment score (CEScore) was established using a single sample gene enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) in pan-cancer. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify pathway most associated with CEScore. Lasso-Cox regression was used to screen prognostic genes associated with OXPHOS and further construct a cuproptosis-related prognostic model in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). RESULTS: We revealed that most cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were differentially expressed between tumors and normal tissues, and somatic copy number alterations contributed to their aberrant expression. We established a CEScore index to indicate cuproptosis status which was associated with prognosis in most cancers. The CEScore was negatively correlated with OXPHOS and significantly featured prognosis in ccRCC. The ccRCC patients with high-risk scores show worse survival outcomes and bad clinical benefits of Everolimus (mTOR inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the importance of abnormal CRGs expression in cancers. In addition, identified several prognostic CRGs as potential markers for prognostic distinction and drug response in the specific tumor. These results accelerate the understanding of copper-induced death in tumor progression and provide cuproptosis-associated novel therapeutic strategies.

The gender-specific impact of starvation on mitotypes diversity in adults of Drosophila melanogaster.

In animals, starvation can increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in some tissues. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to being attacked by ROS due to the lack of histone protection, leading to oxidative damage. However, whether starvation is associated with the genetic diversity of mtDNA remains unclear. Here, by using adult individuals of Drosophila melanogaster under three different feeding treatments (starvation, with the provision of only water, and normal feeding), based on the high-throughput sequencing results of the PCR amplicons of the partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt-cox1), no significant difference in the mean number of mitochondrial haplotypes and the mean genetic distance of haplotypes within individuals were identified between the three treatment groups. Coupled with the low proportion of heterogeneous mt-cox1 sequences within each individual, it suggested that starvation had a limited impact on mitotype genetic diversity and mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, starvation could significantly increase the sequence number of haplotypes containing specific mutations, and for males with higher levels of mitochondrial heteroplasmy than females in the normal feeding group, starvation could further increase their mitochondrial heteroplasmy.

Mucinous histology is associated with poor prognosis in locally advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma treated with postoperative first-line adjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed surgery is the standard management for localized advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a peculiar histological subtype of CRC, but the prognosis of MAC patients is controversial. The objective of this study is to assess the implication of MAC in survival of patients treated with surgery and firs-line adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Studies describing outcomes for advanced MAC and non-specific adenocarcinoma (AC) of CRC patients treated with first-line postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed surgery were searched in PubMed, Embase, Medline, EBSCO, Wiley, and Cochrane Library (January 1963-August 2021). Hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for MAC to AC were extracted. Random-effects model was used for calculating the pooled HRs and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: This meta-analysis is comprised of 8 studies involving a total of 124,303 CRC patients treated with first-line adjuvant chemotherapy followed surgery. The pooled HR for MAC was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.07-1.41, p < 0.01, I2 = 80%), and the DFS (HR, 2.95, 95% CI, 1.22-7.14) of MAC patients were significantly poorer than AC patients. Similar results were also observed in stage III and FOLFOX regimen subgroups. CONCLUSION: MAC was a risk factor for prognosis of localized advanced CRC patients treated with postoperative first-line adjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, the role of first-line adjuvant chemotherapy regimens should be further studied in these MAC patients.

Engineered bacterium-binding protein promotes root recruitment of functional bacteria for enhanced cadmium removal from wastewater by phytoremediation.

Functional bacteria promote the efficiency of phytoremediation by enhancing plant growth and participating in decontamination. However, their activity is frequently compromised by the weakness of their interaction with plant roots. In this study, we designed the artificial protein LcGC composed of a bacterium-binding domain, a GFP fluorescence reporter, and a carbohydrate-binding domain to function as a physical contact between functional bacteria and plant roots. This protein was then expressed in an engineered yeast cell factory and extracted to assess its effect on rhizosphere microbiome composition, plant growth, and cadmium removal in a simulated phytoremediation system containing the remediation plant Lemna minor and the functional heavy metal-capturing bacteria Cupriavidus taiwanensis and Pseudomonas putida. LcGC efficiently bound bacterial cell wall components and glucan, endowing it high efficiency to bind both functional bacteria and plant roots. Scanning microscopy and microbiome analysis revealed that LcGC enhanced root recruitment and colonization of functional bacteria on the root surfaces. Furthermore, LcGC with the aid of single C. taiwanensis or of C. taiwanensis and P. putida in combination promoted plant growth, enhanced tolerance to cadmium-induced oxidative stress, and consequently improved cadmium-removing capacity of the plants, with the percent of cadmium removal reaching up to 91% for LcGC plus C. taiwanensis, and to 96% for LcGC plus C. taiwanensis and P. putida on day 7. This study provided a physical contact-based strategy to enhance the interaction between functional microbes and plant roots for efficient phytoremediation.

Synthetic physical contact-remodeled rhizosphere microbiome for enhanced phytoremediation.

Phytoremediation is a prevalent strategy to treat environmental pollution caused by heavy metals and eutrophication-related pollutants. Although rhizosphere microbiome is critical for phytoremediation, it remains a great challenge to artificially remodel rhizosphere microbiome for enhancing multiple pollutant treatment. In this study, we designed a synthetic bacterium to strengthen physical contact between natural microbes and plant roots for remodeling the Eichhornia crassipes rhizosphere microbiome during phytoremediation. The synthetic bacterium EcCMC was constructed by introducing a surface-displayed synthetic protein CMC composed of two glucan-binding domains separated by the sequence of the fluorescent protein mCherry. This synthetic bacterium strongly bound glucans and recruited natural glucan-producing bacterial and fungal cells. Microbiome and metabolomic analysis revealed that EcCMC remarkably remodeled rhizosphere microbiome and increased stress response-related metabolites, leading to the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes involved in stress resistance. The remodeled microbiome further promoted plant growth, and enhanced accumulation of multiple pollutants into the plants, with the removal efficiency of the heavy metal cadmium, total organic matters, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus reaching up to 98%, 80%, 97%, 93%, and 90%, respectively. This study sheds a novel light on remodeling of rhizosphere microbiome for enhanced phytoremediation of water and soil systems.

Efficacy and safety of Xa inhibitors in patients with heart failure and coronary or peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xa inhibitors in patients with heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS: A systematic electronic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 26, 2019. A total of four randomized controlled trials involving 14,694 patients were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between the Xa inhibitor and control group regarding the primary efficacy outcome [rivaroxaban 2.5 mg group: relative risk (RR) 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66-1.01, P=0.06; rivaroxaban 5 mg group: RR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-1.02, P=0.08]. The risk of the primary safety outcome was significantly increased among patients who received Xa inhibitors compared with the control group (rivaroxaban 2.5 mg group: RR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.21-1.98, P=0.0006; rivaroxaban 5 mg group: RR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.30-2.12, P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular death between the Xa inhibitor and control group (rivaroxaban 2.5 mg group: RR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.54-1.14, P=0.21; rivaroxaban 5 mg group: RR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73-1.08, P=0.24). The risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in the rivaroxaban 5 mg group was significantly lower than that of the control group (RR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99, P=0.04). However, the risk of MI in the rivaroxaban 2.5 mg group was similar to that of the control group (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71-1.01, P=0.07). DISCUSSION: Xa inhibitors were associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and bleeding among HF and CAD or PAD patients. Therefore, Xa inhibitors should be used cautiously in patients with HF and CAD or PAD.

Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Sensitivity of 5-Fluorouracil Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used for the standard first-line treatment for CRC patients for several decades. Although 5-FU based chemotherapy has increased overall survival (OS) of CRC patients, the resistance of CRC to 5-FU based chemotherapy is the principal cause for treatment failure. Thus, identifying novel biomarkers to predict response to 5-FU based chemotherapy is urgently needed. In the present study, the gene expression profile of GSE3964 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to explore the potential genes related to intrinsic resistance to 5-FU. A gene module containing 81 genes was found to have the highest correlation with chemotherapy response using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and ten hub genes (TGFBI, NID, LEPREL2, COL11A1, CYR61, PCOLCE, IGFBP7, COL4A2, CSPG2, and VTN) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Seven of these hub genes showed significant differences in expression between chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant samples. The prognostic value of these seven genes was evaluated using TCGA COAD (Colorectal Adenocarcinoma) data. The results showed that TGFBI was highly expressed in chemotherapy-sensitive patients, and patients with high TGFBI expression have better survival.

An Immune Panel Signature Predicts Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients and Correlates With Immune Microenvironment.

Background: Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with high incidence, seriously endangers human life. The immune microenvironment is one of the malignant foundations of LUAD, but its impact at the molecular level is incompletely understood. Method: A total of 34 LUAD samples from Xiangya Hospital were collected for immune oncology (IO) profiling. Univariate Cox analysis was performed to profile prognostic immune genes based on our immune panel sequencing data. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to construct a risk signature. The cut-off threshold of risk score was determined using X-tile software. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to examine the performance of this risk signature for predicting prognosis. The immune infiltration was estimated using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. Result: Thirty-seven immune genes were profiled to be significantly correlated with the progression-free survival (PFS) in our cohort. Among them, BST2, KRT7, LAMP3, MPO, S100A8, and TRIM29 were selected to construct a risk signature. Patients with a higher risk score had a significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.007). Time-dependent ROC curves indicated that our risk signature had a robust performance in accurately predicting survival. Specifically, the 6-, 12-, and 18-month area under curve (AUC) was 0.800, 0.932, and 0.912, respectively. Furthermore, the risk signature was positively related to N stage, tumor stage, and tumor malignancy. These results were validated using two external cohorts. Finally, the risk signature was significantly and uniquely correlated with abundance of neutrophil. Conclusion: Our study revealed an immune panel-based signature that could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients and was associated with the infiltration of neutrophils.