The Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations in Patients with HBV-Associated Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: There is limited research on whether Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) will affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).This study aimed to determine whether PPIs affect the survival outcomes of patients with HBV-associated advanced HCC receiving combination therapy based on ICIs. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated advanced HCC who underwent ICIs combination therapy from January 1, 2020, to December 30, 2022. Patients were stratified into PPI and non-PPI groups based on whether they received PPI treatment within 30 days before or after ICIs therapy. Patients' survival and the risk of PPI-associated mortality was assessed. Adverse events were also evaluated. Results: A total of 183 patients with HBV-associated HCC treated with ICI combination therapy were included. The median survival time (12.5 months vs 13.7 months, P = 0.285) and incidence of adverse events (P = 0.729) did not significantly differ between the PPI and non-PPI groups. Even after propensity score matching, the difference in median overall survival (OS) between the two groups was not significant (10.7 months vs 11.4 months; P = 0.596) and the patient's OS is not significantly related to the dosage of PPI application (P > 0.05).However, according to our subgroup analysis, among HCC patients with a serum HBV DNA concentration ≥ 200 IU/mL, the use of PPIs significantly increased the risk of mortality in patients receiving ICI combination therapy (P = 0.024). Conclusion: PPIs do not notably influence the survival prognosis of patients receiving ICI combination therapy for HBV-associated advanced HCC. However, among patients with high levels of HBV DNA, PPIs increase the risk of mortality. Therefore, antiviral therapy should be intensified in the patients with HBVDNA > 200 IU/mL. Additionally, PPIs do not impact the incidence of adverse reactions in these patients.

Advancements in myopic macular foveoschisis research.

In recent years, macular foveoschisis has emerged as a prevalent complication in individuals with high myopia, primarily resulting from the synergistic effect of inward traction by vitreoretinal adhesions and outward traction exerted by posterior scleral staphyloma on the retina. While some maintain partial visual stability over an extended period, others may progress to macular holes or even retinal detachment. The primary surgical interventions include vitrectomy, macular buckling, and posterior scleral reinforcement. However, the application of inner limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade remains a subject of ongoing debate concerning their necessity and efficacy. This review comprehensively addresses the classification, pathogenesis, natural progression, concomitant pathologies, and therapeutic strategies for macular foveoschisis in highly myopic patients.

Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Escalating Doses of RC28-E for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Phase 1b Trial.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the safety and efficacy of repeated intravitreal injections of RC28-E, a novel bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label clinical trial; 37 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter scores between 73 and 34 were enrolled. METHODS: Treatment regimens consisted of a 3-month loading phase and a pro re nata (PRN) maintenance phase. This study included three treatment groups: the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg RC28-E groups, with escalating doses ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg. Patients were evaluated monthly for 48 weeks. Safety was assessed based on ocular and systemic adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the presence of anti-RC28-E antibodies. Efficacy was assessed using the mean change in BCVA and central subfield thickness (CST) from baseline to week 48. RESULTS: Most AEs were mild or moderate. The most common AE was a minor injection-related subconjunctival hemorrhage (16.2%). The AEs did not increase with dose or repeated injections. At week 48, mean improvements in BCVA from baseline in the 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg groups were 6.1 ± 8.3, 9.9 ± 10.7, and 7.6 ± 9.38 letters, respectively; mean reductions in CST in the three groups were 112.1 ± 160.5, 175.1 ± 212.4, and 128.7 ± 145.8 µm, respectively. The serum RC28-E concentrations in 95% of the patients were below the quantification limit of the assay. No significant change from baseline was observed in the mean plasma concentrations of VEGF or FGF over the 48 weeks of treatment. Pre-treatment antibodies to RC28-E were detected in 1 of the 37 patients. Antibodies to RC28-E were detected in two patients after dosing with RC28-E for 48 weeks. CONCLUSION: RC28-E was well tolerated and exhibited an overall favorable safety profile with evidence of improvements in BCVA and anatomical parameters.

Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus esophagectomy for poorly differentiated superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A 10-year cohort study.

BACKGROUNDS: The efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to treat poorly differentiated superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) is unclear. AIMS: To exploring the efficacy and prognosis of ESD treatment poorly differentiated SESCC compared with esophagectomy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, the data of poorly differentiated SESCC patients who received ESD or esophagectomy from Jan 2011 to Jan 2021 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and procedure-related variables were compared between ESD and esophagectomy group. RESULTS: 95 patients underwent ESD, while 86 underwent esophagectomy. No significant differences were found between the two groups in OS (P = 0.587), DSS (P = 0.172), and RFS (P = 0.111). Oncologic outcomes were also similar between the two groups in propensity score-matched analysis. For T1a ESCC, the rates of R0 resection, LVI or nodal metastasis and additional therapy were similar between ESD and esophagectomy groups. But for T1b ESCC, the rates of positive resection margin and additional therapy were significantly higher in ESD group than those in esophagectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is a minimally invasive procedure that has comparable oncologic outcomes with esophagectomy for treatment poorly differentiated T1a ESCC. However, ESD is not suitable for poorly differentiated T1b ESCC, additional surgery or radiochemotherapy should be required.

Gene regulatory networks in disease and ageing.

The precise control of gene expression is required for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and proper cellular function, and the declining control of gene expression with age is considered a major contributor to age-associated changes in cellular physiology and disease. The coordination of gene expression can be represented through models of the molecular interactions that govern gene expression levels, so-called gene regulatory networks. Gene regulatory networks can represent interactions that occur through signal transduction, those that involve regulatory transcription factors, or statistical models of gene-gene relationships based on the premise that certain sets of genes tend to be coexpressed across a range of conditions and cell types. Advances in experimental and computational technologies have enabled the inference of these networks on an unprecedented scale and at unprecedented precision. Here, we delineate different types of gene regulatory networks and their cell-biological interpretation. We describe methods for inferring such networks from large-scale, multi-omics datasets and present applications that have aided our understanding of cellular ageing and disease mechanisms.

Durable effects of acupuncture for tension-type headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acupuncture may be effective in treating tension-type headache (TTH). The durability of its effects after treatment completion remains inconclusive. Methods: We searched multiple databases and references from previous reviews for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effectiveness of acupuncture for TTH. We assessed the methodological quality of RCTs using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2) tool. Primary outcome was response rate, defined as the proportion of participants who reported at least a 50% reduction in monthly headache days from baseline after completion of treatment. Secondary outcomes included headache days, headache intensity, and analgesic use. Safety outcomes were also evaluated. Results: A total of seven RCTs involving 3,221 participants with frequent episodic and chronic TTH were included. Individuals receiving acupuncture reported a significantly higher response rate versus sham acupuncture (SA) immediately and at 1-6 months after completion of treatment (P<0.05). Compared with SA, post-treatment results of headache days and headache intensity appeared consistent on the whole, showing associations favoring acupuncture. However, no significant reduction in analgesic use was found post-treatment. Acupuncture showed no superiority over physical training or relaxation training in headache days and headache intensity. Moreover, no serious adverse events associated with acupuncture were reported. Conclusion: Limited evidence suggested that acupuncture might provide durable post-treatment effects in the management of frequent episodic and chronic TTH for up to 6 months compared with SA,with no severe treatment-related adverse events reported.

Durable Effect of Acupuncture for Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic neck pain, a prevalent health concern characterized by frequent recurrence, requires exploration of treatment modalities that provide sustained relief. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the durable effects of acupuncture on chronic neck pain. METHODS: We conducted a literature search up to March 2024 in six databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing both English and Chinese language publications. The main focus of evaluation included pain severity, functional disability, and quality of life, assessed at least 3 months post-acupuncture treatment. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and meta-analyses were performed where applicable. RESULTS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. Acupuncture as an adjunct therapy could provide sustained pain relief at three (SMD: - 0.79; 95% CI - 1.13 to - 0.46; p < 0.01) and six (MD: - 18.13; 95% CI - 30.18 to - 6.07; p < 0.01) months post-treatment. Compared to sham acupuncture, acupuncture did not show a statistically significant difference in pain alleviation (MD: - 0.12; 95% CI - 0.06 to 0.36; p = 0.63). However, it significantly improved functional outcomes as evidenced by Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire scores 3 months post-treatment (MD: - 6.06; 95% CI - 8.20 to - 3.92; p < 0.01). Although nine studies reported an 8.5%-13.8% probability of adverse events, these were mild and transitory adverse events. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture as an adjunct therapy may provide post-treatment pain relief lasting at least 3 months for patients with chronic neck pain, although it is not superior to sham acupuncture, shows sustained efficacy in improving functional impairment for over 3 months, with a good safety profile.

Efficacy and safety of combined stent retriever and contact aspiration vs. stent retriever alone on revascularization in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Whether the efficacy of combined stent retriever and contact aspiration (S + A) is superior to stent retriever (S) alone for revascularisation in patients with large vessel occlusive stroke remains uncertain. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of combined stent retriever and contact aspiration for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion by comparing it with stent retriever alone. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases for randomised controlled trials and observational studies (case-control and cohort studies) published before 1 October 2023 comparing the efficacy of combined stent retriever and contact aspiration versus tent retriever alone in patients with large vessel occlusive stroke. The end point of the primary efficacy observed in this meta-analysis study was the rate of first pass nearly complete or complete recanalisation (mTICI 2c-3). Secondary effectiveness nodes were: rate of first pass successful recanalisation (mTICI 2b-3), rate of near-complete or complete recanalisation of the postoperative vessel, rate of successful recanalisation of the postoperative vessel, and MRS 0-2 within 90 days. Safety endpoints were interoperative embolism, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, and mortality within 90 days. Results: A total of 16 studies were included in the literature for this meta-analysis, with a total of 7,320 patients (S + C group: 3,406, S group: 3,914). A comprehensive analysis of the included literature showed that combined stent retriever and contact aspiration had a higher rate of near-complete or complete recanalisation of the postoperative vessel [OR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.24, 1.88), p < 0.0001] and rate of successful recanalisation of the postoperative vessel compared to stent retriever alone [OR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.55, 2.17), p < 0.00001]; there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the rate of first pass nearly complete or complete recanalisation [OR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.83, 1.19), p = 0.96], rate of first pass successful recanalisation [OR = 1.02, 95% CI (0.85, 1.24), p = 0.81], interoperative embolism [OR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.72, 1.20), p = 0.56], symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage [OR = 1.14, 95% CI (0.87, 1.48), p = 0.33], MRS 0-2 within 90 days [OR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.76, 1.04), p = 0.14] and mortality within 90 days [OR = 1.11, 95% CI (0.94, 1.31), p = 0.22]. Conclusion: Combined stent retriever and contact aspiration has a higher rate of postprocedural revascularisation (mTICI 2c-3/mTICI 2b-3) compared with stent retriever alone in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke. In addition, it was not superior to stenting alone in terms of the rate of first pass recanalisation (mTICI 2c-3/mTICI 2b-3), interoperative embolisation, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, good functional prognosis within 90 days and mortality within 90 days.

Effect of Symptom Levels of Children's Food Allergy on Maternal Depression: A Cross-sectional and Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal depression may have negative impacts on children's behavior and mental health. Childhood food allergy is a common health issue, yet its relationship with maternal depression remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to analyze the association between children's food allergy symptoms and maternal depression through cross-sectional and cohort studies. METHODS: This study selected a total of 580 children with food allergy and their mothers who met the inclusion criteria in Ganzhou Women and Children's Health Care Hospital from April 2015 to April 2022, evaluated the symptom levels of children's food allergy according to the guidelines, assessed the depressive symptoms of mothers using self-rating depression scale (SDS), and analyzed the relationship between the symptom severity of children's food allergy and the risk of maternal depression; at the same time, one-year follow-up of mothers without depression was carried out to measure the incidence of depression to further explore this relationship. RESULTS: The 580 children with food allergies in the cross-sectional study consisted of 365 (62.93%) males and 215 (37.07%) females, aged (8.98 ± 2.30) years, with 298 (51.37%) experiencing Level-Ⅰ, and 282 (48.63%) experiencing Level-Ⅱ. A total of 56 (9.66%) mothers suffered from depression, aged (42.74 ± 5.42) years. Adjusting for confounders including mother's age, education level, marital status, family income, comorbidities, history of allergies, family history of food allergies, history of psychiatric disorders, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption, current regular exercise status, childhood food allergens and food allergy categorization, the mothers of children with child food allergy symptom Level-Ⅱ were found to have a higher risk of depression compared with mothers with child food allergy symptom Level-Ⅰ, odds ratio (OR) = 2.025 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.319-3.128, p = 0.001). In the one-year cohort study, 38 (7.25%) mothers had new-onset depressive symptoms. Mothers of children with a child food allergy symptom Level-Ⅱ had an OR = 2.165 (95% CI: 1.612-2.902, p < 0.001) for depressive symptoms compared to mothers with a child food allergy symptom Level-Ⅰ. CONCLUSION: Among children with food allergy symptom scores of Level-Ⅰ and Level-Ⅱ, higher levels were associated with a higher prevalence of depression in their mothers.

Group A Streptococcal meningitis in children: a short case series and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Group A streptococcal(GAS) meningitis is a severe disease with a high case fatality rate. In the era of increasing GAS meningitis, our understanding about this disease is limited. PURPOSE: To gain a better understanding about GAS meningitis. METHODS: Five new cases with GAS meningitis were reported. GAS meningitis related literatures were searched for systematic review in PUBMED and EMBASE. Case reports and case series on paediatric cases were included. Information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, treatments, outcomes, and emm types of GAS was summarized. RESULTS: Totally 263 cases were included. Among 100 individuals, 9.9% (8/81) had prior varicella, 11.1% (9/81) had anatomical factors, and 53.2% (42/79) had extracranial infections. Soft tissue infections were common among infants (10/29, 34.5%), while ear/sinus infections were more prevalent in children ≥ 3 years (21/42, 50.0%). The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 16.2% (12/74). High risk of death was found in patients with shock or systemic complications, young children(< 3 years) and cases related to hematogenic spread. The predominate cause of death was shock(6/8). Among the 163 patients included in case series studies, ear/sinus infections ranged from 21.4 to 62.5%, while STSS/shock ranged from 12.5 to 35.7%, and the CFR ranged from 5.9 to 42.9%. CONCLUSIONS: A history of varicella, soft tissue infections, parameningeal infections and CSF leaks are important clinical clues to GAS in children with meningitis. Young children and hematogenic spread related cases need to be closely monitored for shock due to the high risk of death.

Application and characterization of digital Sallen-Key filter in nuclear spectrum smoothing.

In the nuclear spectrum analysis processing, spectrum smoothing can remove the statistical fluctuation in the spectrum, which is beneficial for peak detection and peak area calculation. In this work, a spectrum smoothing algorithm is proposed based on digital Sallen-Key filter, which contains four parameters (m, n, k, D). The amplitude-frequency response curve of Sallen-Key filter is deduced and the filtering performance is analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of the four parameters on the shape of the smoothed spectrum are explored: D affects the counts and peak areas of the spectrum, and the peak area can be corrected by the peak area correction function S'. The parameters of m, n and k affect the peak position after smoothing, making the peak position shift to the right, and the peak position correction function P' can be used to correct the peak position, when n¿2, the spectrum data appear negative after smoothing, when k¿2, the smoothed spectrum broadening degree is greater than 20%. Smoothness (R), noise smoothing factor (NSF), spectrum count ratio before and after smoothing (PER), and comprehensive evaluation factor (Q) are used to evaluate the smoothing effect of the algorithm. The parameters of the algorithm are optimally selected: about the gamma spectrum of 137Cs and 60Co, the optimal parameters are m=1.5 n=2 k=2 D=1, about the characteristic X-ray spectrum of Fe and quasi-geological sample (TiMnFeNiCuZn), the optimal parameters are m=1.1 n=1.1 k=1.3 D=1. Based on Sallen-Key smoothing method, Fourier transform method, Gaussian function method, wavelet transformation method, center of gravity method and least squares method, the gamma spectrum of 137Cs is smoothed and denoised in this paper. The results show that the Sallen-Key method has better spectrum denoising effect (R=0.6056) and comprehensive performance indicators (Q=0.6104), which can be further applied for the smoothing of nuclear spectrum data.

Efficacy of Citicoline Delivered via Brain Extracellular Space against Experimental Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rats.

Objective: Citicoline can be used to reduce acute ischemic stroke injury via venous infusion, however, its protective effects in the brain extracellular space remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the brain protective effects of citicoline administered via the brain extracellular space and sought precise effective dosage range that can protect against ischemic injury after experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Methods: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, intraperitoneal (IP), caudate-putamen (CPu)-25, CPu-40, CPu-50, CPu-60 and CPu-75 groups based on the infusion site and concentration of citicoline. Two hours after the administration of citicoline, the rats were subjected to a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion to mimic acute ischemic stroke. Then, the brain infarct volume in rats after stroke was measured and their neurological deficiency was evaluated to explain the protective effects and effective dosage range of citicoline. Results: Compared to the control and IP groups, brain infarct volume of rats in CPu-40, CPu-50, and CPu-60 groups is significant smaller. Furthermore, the brain infarct volume of rats in CPu-50 is the least. Conclusions: Here, we showed that citicoline can decrease the brain infarct volume, thus protecting the brain from acute ischemic stroke injury. We also found that the appropriate effective citicoline dose delivered via the brain extracellular space is 50 mM. Our study provides novel insights into the precise treatment of acute ischemic stroke by citicoline via the brain extracellular space, further guiding the treatment of brain disease.

Realization of fractional quantum Hall state with interacting photons.

Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are known for their robust topological order and possess properties that are appealing for applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. An engineered quantum platform would provide opportunities to operate FQH states without an external magnetic field and enhance local and coherent manipulation of these exotic states. We demonstrate a lattice version of photon FQH states using a programmable on-chip platform based on photon blockade and engineering gauge fields on a two-dimensional circuit quantum electrodynamics system. We observe the effective photon Lorentz force and butterfly spectrum in the artificial gauge field, a prerequisite for FQH states. After adiabatic assembly of Laughlin FQH wave function of 1/2 filling factor from localized photons, we observe strong density correlation and chiral topological flow among the FQH photons. We then verify the unique features of FQH states in response to external fields, including the incompressibility of generating quasiparticles and the smoking-gun signature of fractional quantum Hall conductivity. Our work illustrates a route to the creation and manipulation of novel strongly correlated topological quantum matter composed of photons and opens up possibilities for fault-tolerant quantum information devices.

Does income matter for the policy effect of public long-term care insurance on informal care use in China? A quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: Since 2016, the Chinese government has been piloting a public long-term care insurance (LTCI) scheme. This study examined whether the LTCI scheme reduced the use of informal care and how this has varied across income groups. METHOD: We used data from the 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, focusing on community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. We used staggered difference-in-differences analyses with propensity score matching to examine the effects of the policy. RESULTS: The LTCI scheme reduced the probability and intensity of informal care use by 5.7% (p < .05) and 17.4% (p < .05), respectively. The policy impact was limited to older people in the middle-income group, reducing the probability and intensity of informal care use by 15.6% (p < .001) and 43.1% (p < .05), respectively. We did not find a statistically significant policy effect for older adults with high or low incomes. CONCLUSIONS: The LTCI scheme had different effects on reducing the informal care burden for family caregivers by income level. We suggest that the scheme should entitle people with low incomes to a preferential co-payment rate, thereby enhancing their access to formal care.

Acute manipulation of Drd1 neurons in the prefrontal cortex bidirectionally regulates anxiety and depression-like behaviors.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in modulating anxiety and depression. Manipulation of Drd1 neurons in the mPFC resulted in variable neuronal activity and, consequently, strikingly different behaviors. The acute regulation of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by Drd1 neurons, a major neuronal subtype in the mPFC, has not yet been investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether acute manipulation of Drd1 neurons in the mPFC affects anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. STUDY DESIGN: Male Drd1-Cre mice were injected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing hM3DGq or hM4DGi. Clozapine-n-oxide (CNO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min before the behavioral tests. METHODS: Male Drd1-Cre mice were injected with AAV-Ef1α-DIO-hM4DGi-mCherry-WPRE-pA, AAV-Ef1α-DIO-hM3DGq-mCherry-WPRE-pA or AAV-Ef1α-DIO-mCherry-WPRE-pA. Three weeks later, whole-cell recordings after CNO (5 µM) were applied to the bath were used to validate the functional expression of hM4DGi and hM3DGq. Four groups of mice underwent all the behavioral tests, and after each of the tests, the mice were allowed to rest for 3-4 days. CNO (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the behavior test. Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the open field test (OFT), the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Depression-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and force swimming test (FST). For all experiments, coronal sections of the targeted brain area were used to confirm virus expression. RESULTS: Whole-cell recordings from brain slices demonstrated that infusions of CNO (5 µM) into mPFC slices dramatically increased the firing activity of hM3DGq-mCherry+ neurons and abolished the firing activity of hM4DGi-mCherry+ neurons. Acute chemogenetic activation of Drd1 neurons in the mPFC increased the time spent in the central area in the OFT, increased the time spent in the open arms in the EMPT, decreased the latency to bite the food in the NSFT, increased the sucrose preference in the SPT, and decreased the immobility time in the FST. Acute chemogenetic inhibition of Drd1 neurons in the mPFC decreased the time spent in the central area in the OFT, decreased the time spent in the open arms in the EMPT, increased the latency to bite the food in the NSFT, decreased the sucrose preference in the SPT, and increased the immobility time in the FST. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that acute activation of Drd1 neurons in the mPFC produced rapid anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, and acute inhibition had the opposite effect, revealing that Drd1 neurons in the mPFC bidirectionally regulate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of the present study regarding the acute effects of stimulating Drd1 neurons in the mPFC on anxiety and depression suggest that Drd1 neurons in the mPFC are a focus for the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression.

Adsorption properties of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in acid mine drainage by oyster shell loaded lignite composite in different morphologies.

A new idea to alleviate environmental pollution is the development of low-cost adsorbents using natural minerals and fishery wastes to treat high concentrations of heavy metal pollutants in acid mine drainage (AMD). Adsorbent morphology, adsorptive and regenerative capacity, and application potential are limiting factors for their large-scale use. Oyster shells capable of releasing alkalinity were loaded on the surface of lignite to develop two composite adsorbents with different morphologies (powdery and globular) for the treatment of AMD containing Pb(II) and Cd(II). The results show that the ability of the adsorbent to treat AMD is closely related to its morphologies. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model are suitable to describe the adsorption process of OS-M(P), and the maximum adsorption saturation capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) are 332.6219 mg/g and 318.9854 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model are suitable to describe the adsorption process of OS-M(G). A synergistic result of electrostatic adsorption, neutralization precipitation, ion exchange and complex reaction is achieved in the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by two morphologies of adsorbents. The regeneration times (5 times) and recovery rate (75.75%) of OS-M(G) are higher than those of OS-M(P) (3 times) and recovery rate (20%). The ability of OS-M(G) to treat actual AMD wastewater is still better than that of OS-M(P). OS-M(G) can be used as a promising environmentally friendly adsorbent for the long-term remediation of AMD. This study provides a comprehensive picture of resource management and reuse opportunities for natural mineral and fishery wastes.

Suppressed Electrolyte Decomposition Behavior to Improve Cycling Performance of LiCoO2 under 4.6 V through the Regulation of Interfacial Adsorption Forces.

Alleviating the decomposition of the electrolyte is of great significance to improving the cycle stability of cathodes, especially for LiCoO2 (LCO), its volumetric energy density can be effectively promoted by increasing the charge cutoff voltage to 4.6 V, thereby supporting the large-scale application of clean energy. However, the rapid decomposition of the electrolyte under 4.6 V conditions not only loses the transport carrier for lithium ion, but also produces HF and insulators that destroy the interface of LCO and increase impedance. In this work, the decomposition of electrolyte is effectively suppressed by changing the adsorption force between LCO interface and EC. Density functional theory illustrates the LCO coated with lower electronegativity elements has a weaker adsorption force with the electrolyte, the adsorption energy between LCO@Mg and EC (0.49 eV) is weaker than that of LCO@Ti (0.73 eV). Meanwhile, based on the results of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, conductivity-atomic force microscopy, in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, as the adsorption force increases, the electrolyte decomposes more seriously. This work provides a new perspective on the interaction between electrolyte and the interface of cathode and further improves the understanding of electrolyte decomposition.

Early Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Right Anterior Thoracotomy vs. Median Full Sternotomy in Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement: A Propensity Score Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the early postoperative outcomes of right anterior thoracotomy minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (RAT-MIAVR) surgery with those of median full sternotomy aortic valve replacement (MFS-AVR) approach with the goal of identifying potential benefits or drawbacks of each technique. METHODS: This retrospective, observational, cohort study included 476 patients who underwent RAT-MIAVR or MFS-AVR in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2023. Of these, 107 patients (22.5%) underwent RAT-MIAVR, and 369 patients (77.5%) underwent MFS-AVR. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias, resulting in 95 patients per group for analysis. RESULTS: After propensity matching, two groups were comparable in preoperative characteristics. RAT-MIAVR group showed longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (130.24 ± 31.15 vs. 117.75 ± 36.29 minutes, P=0.012), aortic cross-clamping time (76.44 ± 18.00 vs. 68.49 ± 19.64 minutes, P=0.004), and longer operative time than MFS-AVR group (358.47 ± 67.11 minutes vs. 322.42 ± 63.84 minutes, P=0.000). RAT-MIAVR was associated with decreased hospitalization time after surgery, lower postoperative blood loss and drainage fluid, a reduced incidence of mediastinitis, increased left ventricular ejection fraction, and lower pacemaker use compared to MFS-AVR. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSION: RAT-MIAVR is a feasible and safe alternative procedure to MFS-AVR, with comparable in-hospital mortality and early follow-up. This minimally invasive approach may be a suitable option for patients requiring isolated aortic valve replacement.

Glucometabolic-Related Genes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two widespread chronic disorders characterized by shared risk factors and molecular pathways. Glucose metabolism, pivotal for cellular homeostasis and energy supply, plays a critical role in these diseases. Its disturbance has been linked to the pathogenesis of both AD and T2DM. However, a comprehensive investigation into the specific roles of glucometabolic genes in the onset and progression of AD and T2DM has yet to be conducted. Methods: By analyzing microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository, we identified differentially expressed glucometabolic genes (DEGs) in AD and T2DM cohorts. A range of bioinformatics tools were employed for functional annotation, pathway enrichment, protein interaction network construction, module analysis, ROC curve assessment, correlation matrix construction, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene-drug interaction mapping of these DEGs. Key genes were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in AD and T2DM murine models. Results: Our investigation identified 41 glucometabolic-related DEGs, with six prominent genes (G6PD, PKM, ENO3, PFKL, PGD, and TALDO1) being common in both AD and T2DM cohorts. These genes play crucial roles in metabolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and amino sugar metabolism. Their diagnostic potential was highlighted by area under curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.6 for AD and 0.8 for T2DM. Further analysis explored the interactions, pathway enrichments, regulatory mechanisms, and potential drug interactions of these key genes. In the AD murine model, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed significant upregulation of G6pd, Eno3, and Taldo1. Similarly, in the T2DM murine model, elevated expression levels of G6pd, Pfkl, Eno3, and Pgd were observed. Conclusion: Our rigorous research sheds light on the molecular interconnections between AD and T2DM from a glucometabolic perspective, revealing new opportunities for pharmacological innovation and therapeutic approaches. This study appears to be the first to extensively investigate glucometabolic-associated DEGs and key genes in both AD and T2DM, utilizing multiple datasets. These insights are set to enhance our understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying these widespread chronic diseases.

Biobased Inks Based on Cuttlefish Ink and Cellulose Nanofibers for Biodegradable Patterned Soft Actuators.

Soft actuators with stimuli-responsive and reversible deformations have shown great promise in soft robotics. However, some challenges remain in existing actuators, such as the materials involved derived from nonrenewable resources, complex and nonscalable preparation methods, and incapability of complex and programmable deformation. Here, a biobased ink based on cuttlefish ink nanoparticles (CINPs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was developed, allowing for the preparation of biodegradable patterned actuators by direct ink writing technology. The hybrid CNF/CINP ink displays good rheological properties, allowing it to be accurately printed on a variety of flexible substrates. A bilayer actuator was developed by printing an ink layer on a biodegradable poly(lactic acid) film using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, which exhibits reversible and large bending behavior under the stimuli of humidity and light. Furthermore, programmable and reversible folding and coiling deformations in response to stimuli have been achieved by adjusting the ink patterns. This work offers a fast, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for the development of biodegradable patterned actuators with programmable shape-morphing.