Comparative Evaluation of Endovac and Conventional Irrigating Syringe on Apical Extrusion in Primary Molars. An in vitro Study.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the apical extrusion of irrigant and depth of irrigant penetration into dentine using the EndoVac irrigating system and manual irrigation system in primary molar teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty five extracted primary molars satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups with 29 roots in each group with an equal distribution of apical foramen area. The teeth were mounted in pre-weighed glass bottles and the canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution mixed with acid fuchsin using either of irrigating systems according to the group ascertained. The amount of irrigant extruded was recorded. The roots were sectioned at two mm, four mm and six mm from the apex and examined under a stereomicroscope for depth of irrigant penetration. RESULTS: Apical extrusion of the irrigant solution was significantly less with the EndoVac system (1.18±1.04) when compared with the manual irrigation system (2.3±1.55) (P=0.002)*. Results showed that greater irrigant penetration was achieved using the EndoVac irrigation system compared to the manual irrigation system (P= 0.000)*. With both the irrigation systems, the depth of irrigant penetration was better in the six mm sections followed by the four mm sections and two mm sections (P=0.000)*. CONCLUSION: The EndoVac irrigation system demonstrated better efficacy compared to manual irrigation system with less apical extrusion and better depth of irrigant penetration into dentine.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of EndoVac and Conventional Irrigating Systems in Primary Molars - An in Vitro Study.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the apical extrusion of irrigant and depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules using the EndoVac irrigating system and the manual irrigation system in primary molar teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty five extracted primary molars satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups of 29 roots in each group with an equal distribution of apical foramen area. The teeth were mounted in pre-weighed glass bottles and the canals were irrigated with both the irrigating systems using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution mixed with acid fuchsin which enables the irrigating solution to penetrate efficiently into the dentinal tubules. The amount of irrigant extruded was recorded. The roots were sectioned at 2mm, 4mm and 6mm from the apex and examine the depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: Apical extrusion of the irrigant was significantly less with the EndoVac system (1.18±1.04gms) when compared to manual irrigation system (2.3±1.55gms) (P<0.05). EndoVac irrigation system showed greater depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules (49.90±17.52mm, 32.17±12.20mm and 15.70±8.91mm) compared to the manual irrigation system (30.48±16.27mm, 14.74±9.67mm and 5.59±7.09mm) at 6mm, 4mm and 2mm respectively (P<0.05). Results showed that the depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules with both the irrigating systems was found to be significantly greater in the six mm sections compared to the four mm and two mm sections (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The EndoVac irrigation system showed significantly greater efficacy compared to the manual irrigation system in primary molars with less amount of irrigant extrusion and better depth of irrigant penetration into the dentinal tubules.

In vivo Evaluation of 4% Articaine and 2% Lignocaine Intraligamentary Injection Administered with Single Tooth Anesthesia-Wand.

BACKGROUND: The available literature confirms the effectiveness of intraligamentary injections equal to nerve blocks and articaine equal to lignocaine with better depth of penetration for single tooth pulpectomy procedures with less postoperative soft tissue trauma. An advancement in the field of local anesthesia delivery is the Single Tooth Anesthesia-Wand (STA-Wand) which is relatively pain-free and offers comfort to the child. AIMS: This study aims to evaluate and compare the anesthetic effectiveness and postoperative complications of 4% articaine and 2% lignocaine intraligamentary injection administered as single tooth anesthesia using a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system, the STA-Wand. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Using a randomized, split-mouth, cross-over study design, twenty children aged 4-10 years who required bilateral mandibular pulpectomies were administered intraligamentary injections with 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine in two appointments using STA-Wand. Pain, anxiety, and cooperation levels were scored by an operator and an observer at four phases of treatment using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Two-6 point Co-operation Anxiety Rating Scale. Results were tabulated and analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test, paired t-test, and Student's t-test. RESULTS: Both the local anesthetic agents were equally effective with no significant difference (P > 0.05) throughout rest of the treatment procedure compared to injection phase in minimizing pain, anxiety, and gaining the cooperation levels of children whereas during injection phase, 4% articaine showed superior effectiveness in minimizing pain compared to 2% lignocaine (P = 0.054). CONCLUSION: Both the local anesthetic agents delivered using STA-Wand is clinically acceptable, effective, and safe for usage in children.

Shade selection of primary maxillary anterior teeth in children using Vitapan classical shade guide.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the closest matching shade for primary maxillary anterior teeth from the most widely used Vitapan classical shade guide available for permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 313 children aged between 3 and 5 years were evaluated. Vitapan classical shade guide was used to determine the shade of six primary maxillary anterior teeth. Scores obtained were noted down in a scoring sheet and values were tabulated. Data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Pearson Chi-square test. RESULTS: A1 was found to be the closest matching shade for primary maxillary anterior teeth. D3 was found to be the least prevalent shade for primary maxillary anterior teeth. There was no statistical significant difference in the shades among teeth of same quadrant (p > 0.05) and also between teeth of right and left quadrants (p > 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: A1 shade of Vitapan classical shade guide is the most prevalent shade for primary maxillary anterior teeth and can be satisfactorily reproduced to all primary maxillary anterior teeth in general.