[Long term results of central hole type posterior chamber intraocular lens in the correction of moderate to high myopia].

Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety,effectiveness,predictability and stability of ICL V4c implantation for moderate to high myopia. Methods: In this retrospective case series study, 95 eyes from 50 patients with moderate to severe myopia who were treated in 2015 underwent central hole type posterior chamber intraocular lens (ICL V4c) implantation at Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The patients were followed up for a period of five years, during which we assessed various parameters including uncorrected visual acuity (UDVA), corrected visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, axial length, intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, and complications. We used the paired t-test and repeated measures one-way ANOVA in SPSS statistical software to analyze the data. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) decreased significantly from (-12.16±3.04) D preoperatively to (-0.19±0.55) D at one month and (-1.14±0.84) D at five years postoperatively. The safety indices (postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA) were 1.24±0.27 and 1.13±0.27, respectively, and the efficacy indices (postoperative UDVA/preoperative CDVA) were 1.14±0.25 and 0.87±0.26 at one month and five years postoperatively. At one month after surgery, 80.00% of the eyes were within ±0.50 D of the expected correction, and 96.84% were within ±1.00 D. There was no significant difference in IOP between preoperative and postoperative measurements. The rate of ECD was 3.87%, and the vault decreased by 106.32 µm at five years postoperatively. Conclusion: ICL V4c implantation is safe and effective with good predictability and stability for long term.

The Impact of Middle Turbinate Concha Bullosa on the Severity of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy in Patients with a Deviated Nasal Septum.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy and concha bullosa often occur opposite the direction of nasal septal deviation. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine whether a concha bullosa impacts inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients who have nasal septal deviation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electronic medical record was used to identify sinus CT scans exhibiting nasal septal deviation for 100 adult subjects without and 100 subjects with unilateral middle turbinate concha bullosa. Exclusion criteria included previous sinonasal surgery, tumor, sinusitis, septal perforation, and craniofacial trauma. Nasal septal deviation was characterized in the coronal plane by distance from the midline (severity) and height from the nasal floor. Measurement differences between sides for inferior turbinate width (overall and bone), medial mucosa, and distance to the lateral nasal wall were calculated as inferior turbinate hypertrophy indicators. RESULTS: The cohorts with and without concha bullosa were similarly matched for age, sex, and nasal septal deviation severity, though nasal septal deviation height was greater in the cohort with concha bullosa than in the cohort without concha bullosa (19.1 ± 4.3 mm versus 13.5 ± 4.1 mm, P < .001). Compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy was significantly greater in the cohort without concha bullosa than in the cohort with it as measured by side-to-side differences in turbinate overall width, bone width, and distance to the lateral nasal wall (P < .01), but not the medial mucosa. Multiple linear regression analyses found nasal septal deviation severity and height to be significant predictors of inferior turbinate hypertrophy with positive and negative relationships, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is directly proportional to nasal septal deviation severity and inversely proportional to nasal septal deviation height. The effect of a concha bullosa on inferior turbinate hypertrophy is primarily mediated through influence on septal morphology, because the nasal septal deviation apex tends to be positioned more superior from the nasal floor in these patients.

Effects of informed consent for individual genome sequencing on relevant knowledge.

Increasing availability of individual genomic information suggests that patients will need knowledge about genome sequencing to make informed decisions, but prior research is limited. In this study, we examined genome sequencing knowledge before and after informed consent among 311 participants enrolled in the ClinSeq™ sequencing study. An exploratory factor analysis of knowledge items yielded two factors (sequencing limitations knowledge; sequencing benefits knowledge). In multivariable analysis, high pre-consent sequencing limitations knowledge scores were significantly related to education [odds ratio (OR): 8.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.45-31.10 for post-graduate education, and OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.05, 14.61 for college degree compared with less than college degree] and race/ethnicity (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.09, 5.38 for non-Hispanic Whites compared with other racial/ethnic groups). Mean values increased significantly between pre- and post-consent for the sequencing limitations knowledge subscale (6.9-7.7, p < 0.0001) and sequencing benefits knowledge subscale (7.0-7.5, p < 0.0001); increase in knowledge did not differ by sociodemographic characteristics. This study highlights gaps in genome sequencing knowledge and underscores the need to target educational efforts toward participants with less education or from minority racial/ethnic groups. The informed consent process improved genome sequencing knowledge. Future studies could examine how genome sequencing knowledge influences informed decision making.

Bonded amalgam restorations: using a glass-ionomer as an adhesive liner.

Due to the lack of adhesiveness of amalgam to tooth structure, several adhesive cements have been utilized in bonded amalgam restorations. This study evaluated whether Fuji-II glass-ionomer cement is an appropriate adhesive liner in bonded amalgam restorations. Two adhesive composite luting cements (Amalgambond Plus and Panavia-21) and Copalite cavity liner were compared. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first part, we quantitatively assessed the tensile bond strengths as well as the failure modes of amalgam bonded to human dentin, using different adhesive liners. In each group, the flat dentin surface was treated with the assigned adhesive cement with a Teflon mold, followed by condensation of amalgam (Valiant PhD) onto it. Each group's mean tensile bond strengths were recorded and the statistical analysis by one way ANOVA showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). Similar to the fracture patterns of the Amalgambond Plus and Panavia-21 groups, the failure mode of Fuji-II group was predominantly adhesive fracture. In the second part, the fracture strengths of amalgam restored teeth were measured using different adhesive liners. Standard MOD cavities were prepared in each tooth except for the intact tooth group. After treatment with the assigned adhesives or varnish, the cavities were restored with amalgam. Fracture strengths were then measured and the fractured interfaces examined using a scanning electron microscope. The fracture strengths of the intact tooth, Amalgambond Plus, Panavia-21 and Fuji-II groups were significantly higher than those of the Copalite and prepared cavity without restoration groups (p < 0.01). Accordingly, Fuji-II glass-ionomer cement, when used as an adhesive liner of amalgam restoration, may effectively reinforce the remaining tooth structure and, therefore, enhance the fracture resistance of the amalgam-restored teeth.