ABSTRACT
TRIM71 is an RNA-binding protein with ubiquitin ligase activity. Numerous functions of mammalian TRIM71, including cell cycle regulation, embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal, and reprogramming of pluripotent stem cells, are related to its RNA-binding property. We previously reported that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Trincr1 interacts with mouse TRIM71 (mTRIM71) to repress FGF/ERK pathway in mouse ESCs (mESCs). Herein, we identify an RNA motif specifically recognized by mTRIM71 from Trincr1 RNA, and solve the crystal structure of the NHL domain of mTRIM71 complexed with the RNA motif. Similar to the zebrafish TRIM71, mTRIM71 binds to a stem-loop structured RNA fragment of Trincr1, and an adenosine base at the loop region is crucial for the mTRIM71 interaction. We map similar hairpin RNAs preferably bound by TRIM71 in the mRNA UTRs of the cell-cycle related genes regulated by TRIM71. Furthermore, we identify key residues of mTRIM71, conserved among mammalian TRIM71 proteins, required for the RNA-binding property. Single-site mutations of these residues significantly impair the binding of TRIM71 to hairpin RNAs in vitro and to mRNAs of Cdkn1a/p21 and Rbl2/p130 in mESCs. Furthermore, congenital hydrocephalus (CH) specific mutation of mTRIM71 impair its binding to the RNA targets as well. These results reveal molecular mechanism behind the recognition of RNA by mammalian TRIM71 and provide insights into TRIM71 related diseases.
Subject(s)
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases , Zebrafish , Animals , Mice , Zebrafish/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics , Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , RNA , Mammals/geneticsABSTRACT
Taxonomic classification of three mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis, E. hepuensis, and E. japonica) has long been controversial. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of the three crabs were reported. The three mitogenomes were conserved in the organization of genes with 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region. Nucleotide variations among the crabs were identified in both coding and non-coding regions. In addition, variable numbers of tandem repeats in control region were identified in the mitten crabs. The mitogenome sequences provide a valuable resource to elucidate taxonomic relationship and evolutionary history of the three mitten crabs.
Subject(s)
Brachyura/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial/physiology , Animals , Arthropod Proteins/genetics , Base Sequence , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA/genetics , RNA, Mitochondrial , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/geneticsABSTRACT
Recently, differentiation in phenotypic traits (P(ST)) and differentiation at neutral molecular markers (F(ST)) across populations have been become an important topic in evolutionary biology. The Minjiang River is a key genetic introgression zone between the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the Hepu mitten crab (Eriocheir hepuensis), making it an excellent area to study their genetics and evolutionary mechanisms. We compared and analyzed P(ST) in 14 phenotypic traits and F(ST) in six microsatellite markers from 133 individuals of the mitten crab, sampled in the Minjiang River in 2009 and 2010. The results indicated that 11 phenotypic traits were significantly different (P<0.01) between the 2009 and 2010 populations. The mean expected heterozygosity (H(E)) of the 2009 populations was significantly higher (P=0.008) than that of 2010 populations, but the mean allele richness (A(R)), observed heterozygosity (H( O)) and inbreeding coefficient (F(IS)) were all not significant between 2009 and 2010 populations (P=0.136-0.675). F(ST) in microsatellite markers was 0.1429 between the two years. In the 14 traits, only one trait (F2) was found with P(ST)
