ABSTRACT
As gas reservoir pressure decreases, edge and bottom water irregularly flow into the reservoir through storage and permeability spaces. Water influx poses a significant challenge for the development of gas reservoirs, impacting development efficiency and the ultimate recovery rate. Therefore, exploring rational optimization methods for gas well allocation is essential. This study utilizes the vertical well productivity equation considering two-phase flow and employs the net present value (NPV) to evaluate the economic benefits of gas well production. A parallel-structured genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to account for dynamic reservoir inflow, wellbore conditions, and surface facilities engineering. The new model is applied to investigate the optimal allocation of the B-21 well in the Amu Darya right bank gas reservoirs in Turkmenistan. Results indicate a match of over 90% between the cumulative gas production and water/gas ratio calculated by the proposed method and those calculated by a numerical simulation model. Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, the new approach reduces the number of iterations to approximately 2100 (a 72.4% decrease) and significantly improves the convergence rate.
ABSTRACT
There have been few studies on the role of nanofluids in oil displacement and injection parameters, despite their significant impact on the oil displacement effect. To enhance oil recovery in an ultralow-permeability reservoir, the nanosized oil-displacement agent with nano-SiO2 modified by a silane coupling agent as a main component was selected for the first time in the Changqing oilfield. To assess the performance of the nanofluid, various factors such as particle size, contact angle, interfacial tension, and emulsion stability were taken into consideration. The oil displacement effect of nanofluids was evaluated by a microscopic model and ultralow-permeability core displacement experiment, and its optimal injection parameters were determined. The average particle size of the nano-oil displacement agent is 22-30 nm. It can change the wetting condition of the rock from oil-wet to water-wet and reduce the oil-water interfacial tension. Even at 80 °C, the emulsion formed by the agent remained stable. The oil displacement experiment shows that the nano-oil displacement agent whose injection pressure increases can displace the residual oil trapped in small pores that cannot be affected by conventional water flooding. The injection mode of "nanoflooding agent drive + water drive + nanoflooding agent drive", injection rate of 0.1 mL/min, injection concentration of 0.5%, and injection volume of 0.5 PV (0.25 PV per segment), which can effectively guide the injection of the oil displacement agent, achieve the best oil displacement effect.
ABSTRACT
The primary goal of this study was to determine the extent to which religious frameworks inform lay public understandings of genes and disease. Contrary to existing research, there were minimal differences between racial groups. We did, however, observe two patterns in that data that are worthy of discussion. First, because participants were from the south, the finding that participants from both racial groups ascribe to a religious belief system to make sense of their lived experiences is not surprising. Rather, it appears to be reflective of the religious culture that is an integral part of the south and our identity as a nation. A second noteworthy finding is that while a significant number of participants believe that a relationship exists between health status, genes, and religious behaviors, they also recognize that positive health behaviors must also be adopted as a means for staving off disease. In some cases, however, there was a belief that health issues could dissolve or disappear as a result of certain religious behaviors such as prayer.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Health Status , Religion , Black or African American , Female , Humans , Male , White PeopleABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examines the presentation of genetic and behavioral causation and prevention in websites that make medical recommendations to lay people for four diseases: heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer, and depression. METHODS: A sample of 73 online medical recommendations from major health institutions and information portals were retrieved for content analysis, with a focus on the depiction of gene-environment relationships. RESULTS: The results show a clear preponderance of behavioral causation and recommendations. When genetic information is presented, genetic and environmental factors (including behaviors) are depicted as independent contributors to health outcomes, rather than as interactive. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interactive depictions of genes and behavior should be considered when genetics is presented in medical accounts of causation and prevention of common, complex diseases.
