Time transfer over 113†km free space laser communication channel.

The space time frequency transfer plays a crucial role in applications such as space optical clock networks, navigation, satellite ranging, and space quantum communication. Here, we propose a high-precision space time frequency transfer and time synchronization scheme based on a simple intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) laser communication system, which occupies a communication bandwidth of approximately 0.2%. Furthermore, utilizing an optical-frequency comb time frequency transfer system as an out-of-loop reference, experimental verification was conducted on a 113 km horizontal atmospheric link, with a long-term stability approximately 8.3 × 10-16 over a duration of 7800 seconds. Over an 11-hour period, the peak-to-peak wander is approximately 100 ps. Our work establishes the foundation of the time frequency transfer, based on the space laser communication channel, for future ground-to-space and inter-satellite links.

Effect of thermophilic bacterium HB27 manganese superoxide dismutase in a rat model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

We investigated the therapeutic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from thermophilic bacterium HB27 on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and its underlying mechanisms. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of CP/CPPS was prepared and then administered saline or Thermus thermophilic (Tt)-SOD intragastrically for 4 weeks. Prostate inflammation and fibrosis were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine (CR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were assayed for all animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to analyze serum cytokine concentrations and tissue levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Reactive oxygen species levels were detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of tissue cytokines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and infiltrating inflammatory cells were examined using immunohistochemistry. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65, P38, and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα (I-κBα) protein levels were determined using western blot. Tt-SOD significantly improved histopathological changes in CP/CPPS, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, increased pain threshold, and reduced the prostate index. Tt-SOD treatment showed no significant effect on ALT, AST, CR, or BUN levels. Furthermore, Tt-SOD reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in prostate tissue and increased antioxidant capacity. This anti-inflammatory activity correlated with decreases in the abundance of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α) cells. Tt-SOD alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing NF-κB P65 and P38 protein levels and increasing I-κBα protein levels. These findings support Tt-SOD as a potential drug for CP/CPPS.

Comparative temporal analyses of the Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica litv. apical bud proteome from dormancy to growth.

Bud dormancy in perennial plants adapts to environmental and seasonal changes. Bud dormancy is of ecological interest because it affects forest population growth characteristics and is of economical interest because it impacts wood production levels. To understand Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica litv. bud-dormancy and bud-burst mechanisms, we characterized the proteomes of their apical buds at the four critical stages that occur during the dormancy-to-growth transition. Ninety-six proteins with altered expression patterns were identified using NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. The majority of these proteins (57%) are involved in metabolic and other cellular processes. For 28% of the proteins, a function could not be assigned. However, because their expression levels changed, they may be potential candidate bud development- or dormancy-related proteins. Of the 75 non-redundant bud proteins identified, ascorbate peroxidase, pathogenesis-related protein PR-10, and heat shock proteins dramatically increased during August and November, suggesting that they may involved in the initiation of bud dormancy. Conversely, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, abscisic acid/stress-induced proteins, superoxide dismutase (SOD), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, actin, and type IIIa membrane protein cp-wap13 had greater expression levels during April, suggesting that they may be involved in the initiation of bud dormancy-release. Cell division cycle protein 48 and eukaryotic initiation factors 4A-15 and 4A had greater expression levels during May, suggesting that they may regulate cell proliferate and differentiation in the shoot apical meristem. These observations provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that induce or break bud dormancy.