[Application of HATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with cluster analysis to identification of Cuscuta chinensis lam and its unofficial varieties].

Horizontal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify Cuscuta chinensis lam. samples directly and their chemical differences were compared. In addition to FTIRS/cluster analysis, the kindredship between the different varieties of official and unofficial Cuscuta chinensis lam was studied. As shown by the results of cluster analysis, the four samples mentioned above were separated to three groups. The proposed method can be effectively applied to analyse the qualitify of Cuscuta chinensis lam.

[Studies on the physiological response of Phytolacca americana to manganese toxicity by FTIR spectroscopy].

A technique based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to detect the physiological changes in chemical composition of Phytolacca americana under a wide range of Mn2+ treatments (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g x kg(-1)). Using the roots, stems and leaves of phytolacca americana, absorption bands corresponding to carbohydrates, ester and proteins varied differently. The absorption band heights at 3 000 and 2 916 cm(-1) of stem tissues rose firstly and then decreased, indicating the exudation and transporting situation of organic substances which served as organic osmotic contents to enhance manganese tolerance under low treatments; Meanwhile, the band heights at 2 922 cm(-1) (roots) and 1 606 cm(-1) (leaves) which have different tendency in accordance with Mn treatments showed that the capability to chelate Mn decreased under higher manganese concentration. In addition, the changes of the bands at 1 732 and 1 026 cm(-1) (roots), 1 028 cm(-1) (stems), 1 052 and 967 cm(-1) (leaves) differed from each other, suggesting that under the conditions of severe Mn stress the ex-oxidation of membrane lipid increased; Otherwise, the band heights at 1 375 cm(-1) increased firstly and then decreased, representing that the cell wall improved Mn resistance by increasing cation-exchange capacity (CEC). The result also implied that it is practical to apply FTIR to the research comparing the chemical differences of phytoaccumulators under metal treatments.

[Study on identification of Gastrodia elata Bl. by Fourier self-deconvolution infrared spectroscopy].

In the present article the FTIR spectra of the wild and planting Gastrodia elata Bl. from different habitats and its confusable varieties such as Canna edulis Ker-Gawl, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Solanum tuberosum L. were obtained by horizontal attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (HATR-FTIR), and were all transformed by Fourier self-deconvolution. The authors investigated the discrepancy extent of Fourier self-deconvolution of Gastrodia elata Bl and confusable varieties under various bandwidth and enhancement, and found that the discrepancy extent of Gastrodia elata Bl and confusable varieties was the most obvious when the bandwidth was between 75.0 and 76.0 and enhancement was 3.2. By adopting Fourier self-deconvolution infrared spectroscopy (FSD-IR) analytical method the samples were studied in detail. The results showed that we could find out the difference among them by means of Fourier self-deconvolution infrared spectroscopy, although it was very difficult to find out the difference in FSD-IR spectra of wild and planting Gastrodia elata Bl., and asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction Gastrodia elata Bl. The difference in FSD-IR spectra between Gastrodia elata Bl. and its confusable varieties is also very great. Therefore, this method can be used to recognize different Gastrodia elata Bl. and its confusable varieties simply, rapidly and accurately.

[Application of HATR-FTIR spectroscopy to the analysis of quality mensuration of rhizoma Atractylodes].

The present paper used many kinds of mensuration of FTIR spectroscopy to determine traditional Chinese drugs--rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae. Comparing the horizontal attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectra (HATR-FTIR) of xylem and outer layer parts of cuticle indicates that there are more butenolide and its derivatives in outer layer parts of cuticle. Much more chemical materials could be found in fresh sample than in drying sample, possibly due to the decreased amount of naphtha in the drying sample. The HATR-FTIR of xylem of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and its confusable varieties were transformed into second derivative FTIR to make sure whether the peak location is consistent. As a result, the difference is significant.

[Determination and comparison of trace elements in four sorts of Bulbus Fritillariae by microwave digestion-atomic absorption spectrometry].

The contents of elements such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Na, Mg, K, Ca, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Sr, and Al in four sorts of Bulbus Fritillariae, namaly from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (Panan and Ningbo), Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Var. chekiangensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia and Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) respectively. The effect of different microwave digestion conditions on the analysis results was reviewed, and optimal condition for using atomic absorption spectrophotometry was determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied taking trace elements contents as indexes. The results revealed that microwave digestion was a simple, rapid, digestion complete, and low blank value method, and the measurement result is satisfactory. The experimental results indicated that the linear relationships for different elements within the limits of working curve were good. The RSDs were all smaller than 3.97%. The addition standard rates of the procedure was between 91.0% and 108.7%. Principal component analysis has the application value of reflecting the differences in trace elements contents in various samples.

[Application of FTIR spectroscopy to the analysis of quality mensuration of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. from native habitat].

In the present paper, different mensurations of Fourier transform infrared spectra for the analysis of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. were compared. FTIR mensurement was applied to the analysis of quality of xylem and outer layer of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. from native habitat. The results revealed that the chemical contents are the same in both the xylem and outer layer of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. But outer layer has less paeoniflorin and its derivatives than in xylem of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Different habitats of xylem of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. were Hanzhou, Anhui and Sichuan. The results indicated that the quality with habitat in Zhejiang is the best among the three.