A clinical report of intracranial granulocytic sarcoma and a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), is also referred to as myeloid sarcoma. It is a solid mass formed by the primitive or immature myeloid cells extramedullary infiltration, which is commonly caused by acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It mainly involves bones, lymph nodes, skin and soft tissues of the head and neck. In general, the incidence is low and central nervous system (CNS) involvement is relatively rare. The clinical manifestations of the disease are varied and the treatment is intractable. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old male with intracranial granulocytic sarcoma who suffered a pressing pain on the left cheek. The patient had a hypophasis with left corneal reflex diminished. He had bilateral anisocoria, lower jaw and tongue tilted to the left upon opening the mouth and the left pharyngeal reflex was declined. The whole blood routine was normal except for eosinophils, head magnetic resonance imaging plain scan revealed a space-occupying lesion. Postoperative pathology suggested GS. Unfortunately, the disease progressed quickly and the patient died. CONCLUSION: Isolated GS is often difficult to diagnose accurately. The patient's medical history should be carefully reviewed, all relevant tests should be performed, and various differential diagnoses should be familiarized with to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. And on this basis, to develop a personalized treatment plan for different patients.

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytomas: a clinical analysis of a series of 17 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and haemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare mesenchymal tumors in central nervous system (CNS). Although progressed recognition to the diagnosis and treatment of SFT/HPCs, it still remains many confusions regarding on its occurrence, aggressive evolution, malignant transformation, dedifferentiation phenomenon, distant metastasis and unpredictable propensity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventeen cases of CNS SFT/HPCs who underwent surgical treatment from January 2010 to December 2020 were collected in the authors' institute. Clinical, radiological, pathological data and followup details were reviewed in all cases. RESULTS: The age of this series was 41-73 years old. Seven cases located subtentorially, five cases originated from middle skull base and four in supratentorial. MRI shows iso-signal intensity on T1WI, and heterogeneous slightly long/short signal on T2WI. There is significant contrast after gadolinium-enhancement. It is easy to be misdiagnosed before surgery. The positive rate of nuclear STAT6 is 94.12%, higher than CD34 (87.5%). Eight patients were grade I, eight grade II and one in grade III. Five cases developed tumor relapse, in which two cases had local intracranial recurrence combined with dissemination and metastasis of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal, accompanied by pathological malignant transformation, and another one occurred blood metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: CNS SFT/HPCs are rare intracranial tumors with unpredictable propensity. Gross total resection is critical to its overall clinical prognosis. Given its potential recurrence and malignant transition, adjuvant radiotherapies are recommended when necessary, and long-term follow-up is indispensable. The underlying molecular biological mechanisms are still needed to be further exploration.

Epigenetic modifications and non-small cell lung cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

In non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC),a major characteristic is the abnormal methylation of some certain genes. The hypomethylation of proto-oncogene has the potential to promote carcinogenesis and the formation of neoplasm may also be induced by the hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes. Meanwhile, the balance between histone acetylation and deacetylation is closely connected to the tumorigenesis. While the histone acetyltransferases can directly acetylate genes related to proliferation,causing cell growth and transfor-mation,histone deacetylase will also alter the level of acetylation of certain proteins,and eventually affect NSCLC. Hence,these abnormal epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the formation and develop-ment of NSCLC.