Tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: Our decade long experience with an opportunistic invader.

AIM: To study the incidence, pattern of tuberculosis, Its risk factors, and prognosis in renal transplantation recipients in Indian population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent renal transplantation at Ramaiah medical college Hospitals, India from 2004 to 2015. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The study enrolled 244 patients. Diagnosis was based on radio0imaging, sputum smear, culture and polymerase chainreaction and histology. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: A descriptive univariate analysis was performed to identify the individual risk factors. RESULTS: The TB infection was present in 21/244 (8.6%) renal transplantation patients (mean age ± SD = 44.3 ± 12.9 years). Pulmonary tuberculosis was the commonest (57%) followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis (43%). Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) (14.6%; p = 0.0169)was significant risk factor. Majority of the patients (n = 18, 10.7%) were on standard tripledrug immunosuppression. The median duration of anti0tubercular therapy was 14 months and crude mortality was 19%. CONCLUSIONS: High index of suspicion for tuberculosis is require d in renal transplant recipients owing to their immunocompromised status and atypical presentations. Higher age, DM and use of immunosuppressants increase the risk for post0renal transplantation tuberculosis. Interactions between anti0tubercular drugs and immunosuppressants need to be considered in these patients.

Spectrum of renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension: Experience from a single center in India.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a known complication of late pregnancy and is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Data on clinical profile, especially renal profile of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Indian women are lacking. The aim of our study was to examine the renal profile and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with PIH in our institution with a focus on the spectrum of acute kidney injury (AKI). In this prospective, observational study, 347 patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia-eclampsia, who were undergoing treatment at the M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, were included in the study. The study duration was from 2010 to 2014. Details regarding epidemiologic data, obstetric data, laboratory parameters as well as maternal, renal, and fetal outcomes were noted. Patients with preexisting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease were excluded from analysis. The overall incidence of preeclampsia was 3.4%. Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome was seen in 31 patients (9%); 56 patients (19%) had AKI with a mean serum creatinine of 3.2 mg/dL and mean proteinuria of 2.8 g/24 h. Nineteen patients required dialysis. Persistent renal failure was seen in 2.5% of the cohort. Maternal mortality was 2.5%, largely secondary to sepsis. Primiparity was a major risk factor. In this study, we found a low rate of preeclampsia in a low-to-moderate risk cohort, with an incidence of AKI and maternal mortality consistent with reported literature.