ABSTRACT
Inflammatory pain is the most important clinical symptom of inflammatory diseases. Despite intensive research into inflammatory pain mechanisms, the majority of analgesics available are based on mechanistic classes of compounds that have been known for many years, as a result, inflammatory pain control remains a challenge for drug design in the context of clinically unmet needs in terms of safety and efficacy. A growing literature supports that pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory pain. Modulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine may hold the key to improved pain management. Previous studies have reported that dorsomorphin played key roles in inflammation. But the role of dorsomorphin in the formalin-induced inflammatory nociception in mice has never been reported. Here, we report a new function of dorsomorphin which can inhibit formalin-induced inflammatory nociception in mice. The antinociceptive effect of dorsomorphin mainly depended on inhibiting the p38 MAPK/c-fos signaling and regulating inflammatory mediators.
Subject(s)
Analgesics , Nociception , Mice , Animals , Pain Measurement , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Analgesics/pharmacology , Pain/drug therapy , Formaldehyde/pharmacology , Formaldehyde/therapeutic use , Cytokines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Neutralizing antibodies are critical to prevent corona virus infection. The structures of immunogens to elicit most potent neutralization antibodies are still under investigation. Here we tested the immunogenicity of the trimeric, full length Spike protein with 2 proline mutations to preserve its prefusion conformation. Recombinant trimeric Spike protein expressed by CHO cells was used with polyI:C (PIKA) adjuvant to immunize mice by 0-7-14 day schedule. The results showed that Spike-specific antibody was induced at day 21 with titer of more than 50,000 in average as measured by direct binding to Spike protein. The titer of neutralization reached more than 1000 in average when tested by a pseudo-virus system, using monoclonal antibodies (40592-MM57 and 40591-MM43) with neutralizing IC50 at 1 g/ml as standards. Protein/peptide array showed that the antibodies induced by trimeric S protein vaccine bind similarly to natural infection with the receptor binding domain (RBD) as major immunodominant region. No linear epitopes were found in RBD, although several linear epitopes were found in C-terminal domain right after RBD, and heptad repeat regions. Our study supports the efficacy of recombinant trimeric Spike protein vaccine candidate for COVID-19, with excellent safety and readiness for storage and distribution in developing countries.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the health knowledge and behaviors related to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among the elderly of communities in national TCM health education pilot area of Zhejiang province and provide reference for TCM health education. Methods A survey about the health knowledge and behaviors status related to TCM was made among 600 elderly people in Gongshu District. The survey included demographic characteristics, health knowledge of TCM and health behaviors related to TCM. The univariate and multivariate analyses were used for analyzing the health knowledge and behavior status and influencing factors of the elderly. Results The awareness rate of knowledge about TCM health knowledge in elderly was 94.7%, the qualified rate of TCM behaviors was only 31.6%. It showed that the qualified TCM behaviors among the elders were significantly different in those of different economic status and physical exercise situation (χ2=6.606, 10.243, P=0.037, 0.001). The results of logistic regression model showed that the protective factors of qualified TCM behaviors were 60-year old and good physical exercise (OR=1.836, 2.249) and the risk factor was moderate economic status (OR=0.539). Conclusion The awareness rate of TCM health knowledge in Gongshu District was high, but the qualified rate of TCM behaviors was low. The age, economic status and physical exercise situation are the influencing factors of TCM behaviors.
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Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of oral health knowledge,attitudes and practice (KAP) among the teachers of primary and secondary schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City.Methods A total of 652 teachers of primary and secondary schools were selected by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method and completed a self-designed questionnaire,which included demographic characteristics and oral health KAP.The status and influencing factors of oral health KAP were analyzed by single and multiple-factor analysis methods.Results The questionnaire was completed by all the 652 teachers,627 of whom were qualified (96.2％).The total ratios of oral health knowledge awareness,attitudes correctness and behaviors formation were 77.1％,68.7％ and 46.3％,respectively.There was significant difference of knowledge awareness rate by age,gender,marriage status,monthly income,life status and current cigarette smoking (x2 values were 11.48,8.57,8.12,8.46,23.97 and 4.64,respectively; all P＜0.05).There was significant difference in oral health attitudes correctness rate by gender (x2=10.65,P＜0.05) and behaviors formation rate by gender,education level and life status (x2 values were 3.95,10.88 and 10.41,respectively; all P＜0.05).In logistic regression model,impact factors of oral health knowledge awareness were age,gender,life status and physical exercises; the impact factors of oral health attitudes correctness were gender and monthly income; the impact factors of oral health behaviors formation were gender,level of education and physical exercises.Conclusion The oral health awareness and attitudes correctness are acceptible among the teachers of primary and secondary schools in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City,although the formation rate of oral health behaviors is low.Oral health education should be enforced among the teachers of primary and secondary schools.
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Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of oral health knowledge and behavior among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City.Methods A total of 600 elderly individuals were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and interviewed with a self-designed questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and oral health knowledge and behavior.The status and influencing factors of oral health behavior were analyzed by single and multiplefactor analysis methods.Results A questionnaire survey was conducted among 600 elderly residents,with a response rate of 99.3％ (596/600) and an effective response rate of 94.1％ (561/600).The rate of good oral hygiene was 50.4％.Those elderly with different age,education level,medical insurance and oral hygiene showed significant difference in qualified rate of oral health behavior (x2 values were 10.79,21.32,5.72 and 16.33,respectively; all P＜0.05).In Logistic regression model,education level was positively correlated with oral health behavior among the elderly,and the qualified rate of oral health behavior of the elderly with education level of junior school or above was 2.69 times higher than that of illiterate elderly (x2=10.53,P=0.001).Conclusion The awareness rate of oral health knowledge among the elderly living in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City is at a relatively higher level,though oral health behavior is moderate.Age,education level,medical insurance and oral hygiene could be impacting factors of oral health behavior.
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The application of TCM“Preventive Treatment for Disease”in community health care is a major approach to implementing the prevention-first health policy and realizing access to basic health services for all.Covered first in the paper is the significance of TCM“Preventive Treatment for Disease”in community health care.It is followed by a systematic description of the innovative community health care model in Hangzhou in 2008.This innovation started in 2009 to apply the TCM“Preventive Treatment for Disease”in community health care.The authors described the preliminary practice,specific measures and the main results of TCM“Preventive Treatment for Disease”in community health care.They went on to recommend the service model of TCM“Preventive Treatment for Disease”in community health care and provide references for application of TCm in community health care.
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Full-speed development of the primary health care centering on community health service is key to the ongoing health reform in China. Building a new management mechanism for these grass-root health centers is an innovative approach of such a reform as carried out in Zhejiang province.The authors described the present management mechanism in the province, and focused on the specific measures and main outcomes of the nine Group-scale model as used by a district health bureau in Hanzhou since end of 2007. The paper aims at building an ideal model for group-scale management of community health centers, and improving the new city primary health care system centering on community health service.
