ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: NF-κB has been implicated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We previously synthesized a thiourea analogue, SPA0355, which suppressed NF-κB activity. Here we have assessed the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of SPA0355. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We evaluated the effects of SPA0355 on human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice in vivo. KEY RESULTS: In vitro experiments demonstrated that SPA0355 suppressed chemokine production, matrix metalloproteinase secretion and cell proliferation induced by TNF-α in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In addition, SPA0355 inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, in bone marrow macrophages. Mice with CIA that were pretreated with SPA0355 had a lower cumulative disease incidence and severity of arthritis, based on hind paw thickness, radiological and histopathological findings, and inflammatory cytokine levels, than mice treated with vehicle. Mice treated with SPA0355, after the onset of CIA, also showed significantly decreased disease incidence and joint oedema. The in vitro and in vivo protective effects of SPA0355 were mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Taken together, these results suggested that using SPA0355 to block the NF-κB pathway in rheumatoid joints reduced both the inflammatory responses and tissue destruction. Therefore, SPA0355 may have therapeutic value in preventing or delaying joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Benzoxazines/pharmacology , Synovial Membrane/drug effects , Thiourea/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chemokines/biosynthesis , Chemokines/metabolism , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Cytokines/metabolism , Edema/drug therapy , Edema/metabolism , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Humans , Joints/drug effects , Joints/metabolism , Joints/pathology , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinases/biosynthesis , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred DBA , Mice, Inbred ICR , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Osteoclasts/drug effects , Osteoclasts/metabolism , Osteoclasts/pathology , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Synovial Membrane/metabolism , Synovial Membrane/pathology , Thiourea/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
With two ultrasonographic and two CT films of three cases of thyroid tuberculosis, we evaluate the ultrasonographic and CT findings and correlate them with the pathologic findings. They are demonstrated as heterogeneous hypoechoic mass on ultrasonogram and peripheral-enhancing low-density abscess on CT scan with regional lymphadenopathy. Ultrasonography (US) and CT can help the diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis.
