ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the education of mothers for promoting safety and preventing injury among children aged <5 years. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: This study was conducted in Hamadan City, West Iran in 2012. One hundred and twenty mothers participated in this study, divided into intervention and control groups (60 mothers in each group). The intervention group participated in an educational programme consisting of four 1-hour sessions twice per week. The education programme was based on the HBM. The participants of both groups were evaluated before the intervention and two months after the intervention using a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested with a pilot study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic characteristics; knowledge, practices and HBM constructs (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy); and history of recent injuries to the child. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean differences, and P < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. RESULTS: None of the 120 participants dropped out of the study. The mean differences in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy and practices after the intervention, between the two groups, were 3.98, 3.57, 3.97, 1.57, -7.08, 0.82, 2.95 and 2.47, respectively. All differences were statistically significant (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Educational programmes based on the HBM can be used as an effective approach in planning and developing preventive programmes for injury prevention and safety promotion in children aged <5 years.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Models, Psychological , Mothers/education , Mothers/psychology , Safety , Wounds and Injuries/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Iran , Male , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Self Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop a questionnaire in order to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the faculty members and students toward plagiarism. METHODS: A KAP study was conducted from June to October 2011 enrolling 390 volunteers anonymously (response rate 96%). The questionnaire included the following four parts: (a) general characteristics like gender, academic degree and education level; (b) nine questions regarding knowledge (Min=0, Max=9); (c) nine questions regarding attitude (Min=9, Max=27); and (d) eight questions regarding practice (Min=0, Max=8). A pilot study was conducted to assess reliability of the questions regarding knowledge and attitude. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the knowledge and attitude questions was 0.70 and 0.74 respectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of at least once plagiarism commission was 38% (SD=0.035). The overall mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice was 5.94 (SD=1.66), 24.12 (SD=2.99), and 0.66 (SD=1.15) respectively. Knowledge of plagiarism was significantly higher among higher academic degrees and females. Their negative attitude toward plagiarism was stronger too. No statistically significant difference regarding plagiarism commission was observed among different academic degrees in both sexes. According to linear regression analysis, plagiarism commission decreased 13% per one unit increase in score of knowledge (P=0.005) and 16% per one unit increase in score of attitude (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was developed as a standard tool in order to assess perception of subjects toward plagiarism and to estimate the prevalence and the type of plagiarism commission.
