Practices for preventing Hepatitis B infection among health science students in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly among healthcare workers, including health science students who are at high risk due to their exposure to infected patients and contaminated medical equipment. In Ethiopia, where the burden of HBV infection is substantial, preventive practices among health science students are critical for minimizing transmission and ensuring a healthy workforce. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of these practices specifically among this population in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive measures for Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia. METHODS: This study followed the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA checklist and focused on research conducted within Ethiopia. Seven relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches across various databases including Google, Medline, PubMed, and Scholar. Data retrieval was systematically conducted using a checklist, and analysis was performed using STATA version 14. Heterogeneity was assessed using both the Cochrane Q test and the I2 statistic. Additionally, publication bias was evaluated using Egger's weighted regression, a funnel plot, and Begg's test. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we identified a total of 515 research articles, of which seven studies met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of practices aimed at preventing Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia was 41.21% (95% CI: 30.81-51.62). Factors significantly associated with these practices included better understanding of Hepatitis B infection prevention (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.20-3.29), age group 20-24 years (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 2.43-13.78), needle stick injury exposure (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.10-10.70), and students enrolled in medicine or public health officer departments (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.65-6.65). CONCLUSION: Our analysis indicates that only 41.21% of Health Science students in Ethiopia adhere to Hepatitis B prevention practices. To improve these practices, it is essential to mandate vaccination, provide targeted training on infection prevention, and increase awareness of vaccine uptake. Tailored educational programs should equip students with practical strategies. Additionally, intelligent interventions must address factors influencing preventive practices. Collaboration between institutions and ongoing monitoring is crucial to ensuring success.

Effective breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Effective breastfeeding is crucial for maternal and child health, particularly in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. It encompasses a range of skills and strategies, including proper latch, positioning, and frequency of feeding. These techniques not only ensure sufficient milk transfer but also foster bonding between mother and child, enhancing the breastfeeding experience. To effectively prioritize maternal and child health, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the prevalence and factors influencing effective breastfeeding nationwide. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a pooled prevalence of effective breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating mothers in Ethiopia. METHODS: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, focusing on studies conducted in Ethiopia. We identified eight relevant studies through Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Analysis was conducted using STATA version 11, and systematic data extraction employed a checklist to extract relevant data. I2 tests and the Cochrane Q test statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneity. To explore potential publication bias, Egger's weighted regression, Begg's test, and a funnel plot were utilized. RESULTS: We identified a total of 955 research articles. Eight studies meeting the eligibility criteria were incorporated into this meta-analysis and systematic review. The pooled prevalence of effective breastfeeding techniques was 41.99% [95% CI 32.16-51.81]. According to the results of the current meta-analysis, effective breastfeeding techniques were significantly associated with antenatal care follow-up [OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.10-2.78], maternal educational status [OR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.55-4.71], breastfeeding technique counseling [OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.41-2.90], the absence of breast problems [OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.49-3.43], breastfeeding experience [OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.14-3.46], and immediate skin-to-skin contact [OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.56-3.44]. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the vital role of various factors in shaping effective breastfeeding. IMPLICATIONS: To improve practices and health outcomes, we recommend targeted interventions, such as strengthening antenatal care, implementing maternal education, and providing comprehensive breastfeeding counseling. Proactively addressing breast problems and prioritizing immediate skin-to-skin contact is crucial for successful breastfeeding.

Examining students' level of understanding toward COVID-19 and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia and identify associated factors. The primary goal is to pinpoint key contributors shaping students' perception and comprehension of the virus. The study aims to offer valuable insights for developing targeted educational interventions, ultimately enhancing students' overall knowledge and awareness of the pandemic in the specific context of Ethiopia. Methods: The study adhered rigorously to PRISMA criteria, ensuring a standardized methodology. Data from reputable databases like Google Scholar and PubMed were systematically collected. Ten relevant articles were meticulously analyzed using STATA version 11, with heterogeneity assessed by the I2 test. A funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. The determination of the pooled effect size utilized a random-effect model meta-analysis, offering a robust 95% confidence interval. Results: This meta-analysis, based on 10 articles, reveals an overall prevalence of 61.58% (95% CI: 47.26-75.89). Significant contributors to students' comprehension include Social media users (AOR) = 2.38, urban residence AOR = 3.31, news media followers AOR = 2.51, fathers' educational status AOR = 2.35, watching television AOR = 4.71, and health science students AOR = 4.21. These findings underscore crucial elements shaping students' understanding of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Conclusion: Our analysis indicates that 61.58% of Ethiopian students possess a good understanding of COVID-19. Factors such as active social media engagement, geographic location, frequency of news consumption, father's level of education, television viewing habits, and enrollment in health science programs significantly influence their comprehension. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to enhance health literacy and education among students, thereby facilitating a more effective response to pandemics.

Evaluating digital literacy of health professionals in Ethiopian health sectors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Digital literacy refers to the capacity to critically assess digital content, use digital tools in professional settings, and operate digital devices with proficiency. The healthcare sector has rapidly digitized in the last few decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the digital literacy level of health professionals in the Ethiopian health sector and identify associated factors. The study reviewed relevant literature and analyzed the data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of digital literacy among health professionals in Ethiopia. METHODS: The study was examined by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Evidence was gathered from the databases of Google Scholar, Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Hinari, CINAHL, and Global Health. Consequently, five articles met the eligible criteria for inclusion. The analysis was carried out using STATA version 11. The heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, while the funnel plot and Egger's regression test statistic were used to examine for potential publication bias. The pooled effect size of each trial is evaluated using a random effect model meta-analysis, which provides a 95% confidence interval. RESULT: A total of five articles were included in this meta-analysis and the overall pooled prevalence of this study was 49.85% (95% CI: 37.22-62.47). six variables, Monthly incomes AOR = 3.89 (95% CI: 1.03-14.66), computer literacy 2.93 (95% CI: 1.27-6.74), perceived usefulness 1.68 (95% CI: 1.59-4.52), educational status 2.56 (95% CI: 1.59-4.13), attitude 2.23 (95% CI: 1.49-3.35), perceived ease of use 2.22 (95% CI: 1.52-3.23) were significantly associated with the outcome variable. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed that the overall digital literacy level among health professionals in Ethiopia was relatively low. The study highlights the importance of addressing the digital literacy gap among health professionals in Ethiopia. It suggests the need for targeted interventions, such as increasing monthly incomes, giving computer training, creating a positive attitude, and educational initiatives, to enhance digital literacy skills among health professionals. By improving digital literacy, health professionals can effectively utilize digital technologies and contribute to the advancement of healthcare services in Ethiopia.

Birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis.

Maternal and child deaths occur during pregnancy and delivery. Timely information on signs of pregnancy complications and ways to plan for normal birth is a strategy to reduce maternal and child deaths. The purpose of this study was to assess birth preparedness, and pregnancy complications readiness and identify associated factors in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 1635 weighted samples of pregnant women were included for analysis from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data set. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of potential variables on birth preparedness and complication readiness. STATA version 15 software was used for data processing and analysis. A variable with a p-value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered a significant factor. Pregnant women were informed about convulsions (8.02%), fever (35.95%), abdominal pain (28.92%), leaking fluid from the vagina (28.21%), and blurred vision (17.98%). Pregnant women prepared for supplies needed for birth (38.70%), transportation (20.04%), money (18.97%), people's support for birth (5.03%), and blood donors (3.11%). Only 56% and 44.91% of pregnant women had good birth preparedness and were informed about pregnancy complications respectively. Educational status, antenatal care visits, and region were significant factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness. Distance to health facility and residency were significantly associated with birth and complication readiness, respectively. Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women were low in Ethiopia. Empowering women with education, installing safe roads, building accessible health facilities, and emphasizing pregnancy complications and birth preparedness plans during antenatal care visits are important interventions to enhance birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness.

Knowledge of telemedicine and its associated factors among health professional in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Telemedicine is a useful tool for decreasing hospital stress, patient suffering, ambulance needs, hospital anxiety, and costs while improving the standard of care. Nonetheless, the lack of awareness regarding telemedicine poses a barrier to its application, presenting several difficulties in underdeveloped nations like Ethiopia. This review evaluates Ethiopian-specific telemedicine knowledge and associated factors. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted using a search of several online databases in addition to the main databases, like Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The writers have looked for, reviewed, and summarized information about telemedicine knowledge in the healthcare system. This study contained seven studies that examined telemedicine knowledge in the Ethiopian healthcare sector. Studies that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) were found using search engines. The investigation was carried out using STATA version 11. The indicator of heterogeneity (I2) was used to assess the level of heterogeneity among the included studies. The funnel plot was visually inspected, and Egger's regression test was run to check for publication bias. The pooled effect size of every study is estimated using a random-effect model meta-analysis. RESULTS: Examination of 2160 studies, seven studies involving 2775 health professionals, and seven out of the 2160 publications assessed satisfied the inclusion criteria and were added to the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Telemedicine knowledge was 45.20 (95% CI: 34.87-55.53). Whereas the pooled factor was computer training was 2.24 times (AOR = 2.24 (95%; CI: 1.64-3.08)), computer access was 2.07 times (AOR = 2.07 (95% CI: 1.50-2.87)), internet access was 3.09 times (AOR = 3.09 (95% CI: 1.34-7.13)), social media access were 3.09 times (AOR = 3.09(95%; CI: 1.34-7.13)), educational status degree and above were 2.73 times (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 0.85-8.82), Awareness were 3.18 times (AOR = 3.18 (95%; CI: 1.02-9.91)), Management support was 1.85 (AOR = 1.85 (95% CI: 01.25-2.75)), computer literacy were 2.90 times (AOR = 2.90 (95% CI: 1.81-4.64)), computer owner were 1.70 times (AOR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.05-2.76)), male gender were 1.95 times (AOR = 1.95 (95% CI: 1.32-2.87)). CONCLUSION: The overall pooled prevalence of telemedicine knowledge was low. Gender, education, management support, computer access, social media access, internet access, telemedicine awareness, and telemedicine training associated with telemedicine knowledge.

Exploring the interplay between food security and antenatal care utilization among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia: Insights from an institution-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Ensuring the satisfaction of pregnant women with antenatal care is crucial for positive pregnancy outcomes and their engagement with emerging technologies and alternative care models. Maintaining high satisfaction during the antenatal period significantly impacts the well-being of both the expectant mother and the unborn child. Despite the recognized importance of antenatal care satisfaction, comprehensive information on satisfaction levels and influencing factors in the specific study area is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to assess antenatal care service satisfaction and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted an institution-based cross-sectional study among 418 pregnant women from December 2022 to January 30, 2023, using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected using the Kobo Toolbox and analyzed with SPSS Version 26. The threshold for statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Out of 418 participants, 54.3% (95% CI=49.4-60.4) expressed satisfaction with antenatal care services. Factors significantly associated with women's satisfaction included: being unable to read and write (AOR=2.37; 95% CI: 1.97-3.80), being aged 25-29 years (AOR=3.20; 95% CI: 1.65-6.22), receiving antenatal care at a hospital (AOR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.05-3.12), having a previous history of antenatal visits (AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.26-5.30), a monthly income of 2500-5000 ETB (AOR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.21-3.94), waiting times of less than 30 min (AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.52-4.41), maintaining a positive attitude towards antenatal care (AOR=2.50; 95% CI: 1.05-3.65), and having a secure food source (AOR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.13-3.78). Conclusion: Over 54% of participants were satisfied with antenatal care services. To improve satisfaction levels, recommended strategies include enhancing healthcare infrastructure, establishing maternity waiting areas, reducing waiting times, and expanding services to remote areas.

Evidence-Based Practice and Its Associated Factors among Health Professionals Working at Public Hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: "Evidence-based practice" (EBP) is the process of incorporating clinical expertise and taking patient values and preferences into consideration when making clinical decisions. It is used to describe the provision of high-quality patient care. Objective: This study is aimed at assessing evidence-based practice and associated factors among health professionals working at public hospitals in Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedele Zones, Oromia Region, Southwest Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from May 8 to June 20 at public hospitals in Illu Aba Bora and Buno Bedele Zones, Oromia Region, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 423 health professionals were included, using proportional allocation and simple random sampling. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was entered using EpiData version 4.6, and the collected data was cleared, arranged, coded, and then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Descriptive statistics and bivariable and multivariable analyses of logistic regression with AOR (95% CI) were performed at p < 0.05. Result: The study revealed that 36.2% of health professionals had good evidence-based practice. The factors found to be significantly associated with good EBP include having training in EBP (AOR = 5.43; 95% CI: 4.323, 9.532), good knowledge (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.065, 3.541), a favorable attitude (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.884, 2.342), and work experience greater than 5 years (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.482, 2.437). Conclusion: The evidence-based practice of health professionals was poor. Evidence-based practice should included in the curriculum, and also planned trainings need to be delivered to all health professionals, inorder to enhancing their knowledge as well as their attitudes by motivating them to increase evidence-based practice.

Machine learning algorithms' application to predict childhood vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: Evidence 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood vaccination is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. But, vaccination coverage remains low, and previous similar studies have not focused on machine learning algorithms to predict childhood vaccination. Therefore, knowledge extraction, association rule formulation, and discovering insights from hidden patterns in vaccination data are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to predict childhood vaccination among children aged 12-23 months using the best machine learning algorithm. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design with a two-stage sampling technique was used. A total of 1617 samples of living children aged 12-23 months were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The data was pre-processed, and 70% and 30% of the observations were used for training, and evaluating the model, respectively. Eight machine learning algorithms were included for consideration of model building and comparison. All the included algorithms were evaluated using confusion matrix elements. The synthetic minority oversampling technique was used for imbalanced data management. Informational gain value was used to select important attributes to predict childhood vaccination. The If/ then logical association was used to generate rules based on relationships among attributes, and Weka version 3.8.6 software was used to perform all the prediction analyses. RESULTS: PART was the first best machine learning algorithm to predict childhood vaccination with 95.53% accuracy. J48, multilayer perceptron, and random forest models were the consecutively best machine learning algorithms to predict childhood vaccination with 89.24%, 87.20%, and 82.37% accuracy, respectively. ANC visits, institutional delivery, health facility visits, higher education, and being rich were the top five attributes to predict childhood vaccination. A total of seven rules were generated that could jointly determine the magnitude of childhood vaccination. Of these, if wealth status = 3 (Rich), adequate ANC visits = 1 (yes), and residency = 2 (Urban), then the probability of childhood vaccination would be 86.73%. CONCLUSIONS: The PART, J48, multilayer perceptron, and random forest algorithms were important algorithms for predicting childhood vaccination. The findings would provide insight into childhood vaccination and serve as a framework for further studies. Strengthening mothers' ANC visits, institutional delivery, improving maternal education, and creating income opportunities for mothers could be important interventions to enhance childhood vaccination.

Exploring facilitators and barriers of the sustainable acceptance of e-health system solutions in Ethiopia: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: eHealth is the use of information and communications technologies in support of health and health-related fields, including healthcare services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education knowledge and research, has the potential to improve the delivery and support of healthcare services by promoting information sharing and evidence-based health practice. Acceptance of e-health in Ethiopia using systematic review is uncertain. As a result, this study aimed to assess barriers and facilitators of the sustainable acceptance of e-health system adoption in Ethiopia through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used to conduct this study. Relevant articles have been searched in Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Embrace, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and empirical research done in Ethiopia is the main emphasis of the search strategy. The total number of studies that satisfied the criteria for inclusion was ten. In this research, empirical data related to e-health acceptance factors were retrieved, examined, and summarized by the authors. RESULTS: This systematic review identified a total of 25 predictors that have been found in the ten studies. The identified facilitators were effort expectancy, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influences, attitude, computer literacy, participant age, perceived enjoyment, and educational status, duration of mobile device use, organizational culture, and habit. Moreover, technology anxiety was the most barrier to sustainable acceptance of e-health systems in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: The most common facilitator identified from the predictors was effort expectancy, which played a major role in the adoption of the e-health system in Ethiopia. Therefore, eHealth implementers and managers in those settings should give users of the system priority in improving the technical infrastructure by regularly providing them with basic facilitating conditions. They should also pay attention to the system they want to implement because doing so will improve the users' perception of the system's value and attitude.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of knowledge on PMTCT of HIV/AIDS and Association factors among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Despite increased interventions implemented for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, There is still a vertical transmission. Hence, this study tried to assess the pooled prevalence of knowledge on PMTCT and factors associated with residence, ANC follow-up, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed to review either published or unpublished studies in Ethiopia regarding knowledge on PMTCT. A comprehensive search of international databases, including Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, HINARI, Embrace, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Global Health, were searched. The data were analyzed using STATA/SE version 14. The random-effect model was used to estimate the effect size, and I-squared statistics and Egger's test were used to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. RESULTS: 14 out of 14,091 assessed articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The estimated pooled level of knowledge on PMTCT among reproductive-age groups was 62.15% [(95% CI: 43.63-80.66)]. Residence [(OR = 4.8, 95%CI: 2.99, 7.85)], ANC follow-up [(OR = 4.2, 95%CI: 2.21, 7.98)], and having sufficient knowledge about the diseases [(OR = 4.9, 95% CI: 3.6, 6.66)] were found to be significant predictors of knowledge on PMTCT among reproductive-age groups. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the knowledge of PMTCT in Ethiopia should focus on rural women, improving knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and ANC follow-up. Efforts are also needed to involve husbands and related organization in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.

Health professionals' routine practice documentation and its associated factors in a resource-limited setting: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Documenting routine practice is significant for better diagnosis, treatment, continuity of care and medicolegal issues. However, health professionals' routine practice documentation is poorly practised. Therefore, this study aimed to assess health professionals' routine practice documentation and associated factors in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used from 24 March up to 19 April 2022. Stratified random sampling and a pretested self-administered questionnaire were used among 423 samples. Epi Info V.7.1 and STATA V.15 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model were employed to describe the study subjects and to measure the strength of association between dependent and independent variables, respectively. A variable with a p value of <0.2 in bivariate logistic regression was considered for multivariable logistic regression. In multivariable logistic regression, ORs with 95% CIs and a p value of <0.05 were considered to determine the strength of association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: Health professionals' documentation practice was 51.1% (95% CI: 48.64 to 53.1). Lack of motivation (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.76), good knowledge (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.97), taking training (AOR: 4.18, 95% CI: 2.99 to 8.28), using electronic systems (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.28), availability of standard documentation tools (AOR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.35 to 4.43) were statistically associated factors. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals' documentation practice is good. Lack of motivation, good knowledge, taking training, using electronic systems and the availability of documentation tools were significant factors. Stakeholders should provide additional training, and encourage professionals to use an electronic system for documentation practices.

Spatial distribution of vitamin A rich foods intake and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate micronutrients in the diet and vitamin A deficiency are worldwide public health problems. In developing regions, many preschool children are undernourished, become blind every year and died before the age of 23 months. This study was aimed to explore the spatial distribution of vitamin A rich foods intake among children aged 6-23 months and identify associated factors in Ethiopia. METHODS: Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total 1407 children aged 6-23 months was used. Data management and processing were done using STATA version 15 software and Microsoft Office Excel. ArcMap version 10.7 software was used for mapping and spatial visualization of the distribution. Spatial scan statistics was performed using SaTScan version 9.5 software for Bernoulli-based model. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. RESULTS: Overall, 38.99% (95% CI: 36.46-41.62) of children aged 6- 23 months took vitamin A rich foods. Poor intake of vitamin A rich foods was significantly clustered Dire Dawa city, Somali and Harari regions of Ethiopia. Children aged 6-23 months lived in the primary cluster were 70% (RR = 1.70, P-value < 0.001) more likely to intake vitamin A rich foods than children lived outside the window. In the multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis, Primary educational status (AOR:1.42, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.93) and higher educational status (AOR:3.0, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.65) of mother, Dire Dawa (AOR:0.49, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12) city, Afar (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.36), Amhara (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.71) and Somali (AOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.08) regions of Ethiopia, children aged 13-23 months (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.36), Mothers' exposure to media (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.92) were statistically significant factors for vitamin A rich foods intake among children aged 6-23 months. CONCLUSIONS: Only 4 out of ten children took vitamin A rich foods which is too low compared to the national target and significantly clustered in Ethiopia. Mother's educational status, Region, Child age and Mother's media exposure are significant factors vitamin A rich foods intake. Stakeholders should strengthen mothers' education status, creating awareness for mothers on child feeding and using locally available natural resource to produce vitamin A rich foods.

Digital health literacy to share COVID-19 related information and associated factors among healthcare providers worked at COVID-19 treatment centers in Amhara region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Coronavirus (CoV) is a novel respiratory virus that can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It affects millions of people in the world and thousands of people in Ethiopia. In responding to this, digital health technologies help to reduce COVID-19 outbreaks by sharing accurate and timely COVID-19 related information. Additionally, digital solutions are used for remote consulting during the pandemic, in creating COVID-19 related awareness, for distribution of the vaccine, and so on. Therefore, this study aimed to assess digital health literacy to share COVID-19 related information and associated factors among healthcare providers who worked at COVID-19 treatment centers in the Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 4 to May 4, 2021. The study included 476 healthcare providers who worked at COVID-19 treatment centers in the Amhara region. A pretested, structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. EpiData 4.6 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bi-variable and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: A total of 456 respondents were participated in the study, with 95.8% response rate. Digital health literacy to share COVID-19 related information found to be 50.4% (95% CI: 46-55). Educational status [AOR = 4.37, 95% CI(2.08-9.17)], training [AOR = 3.00, 95% CI (1.80-5.00)], attitude [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI(1.18-3.36)], perceived usefulness [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI(1.22-3.32)], perceived ease of use [AOR = 2.00, 95% CI(1.25-3.21)] and smartphone access [AOR = 5.21, 95% CI(2.34-9.62)] were significantly associated with digital health literacy to sharing of COVID-19 related information at P-value less than 0.05. Conclusion: This finding indicated that approximately half of the respondents had digital health literacy to share COVID-19 related information which was inadequate. Improving respondents' educational status, computer training, smartphone access, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude was necessary to measure digital health literacy to sharing of COVID-19 related information.

Healthcare providers' readiness for electronic health record adoption: a cross-sectional study during pre-implementation phase.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of an electronic health record (EHR) in the healthcare system has the potential to make healthcare service delivery effective and efficient by providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information. Despite its great importance, the adoptions of EHR in low-income country settings, like Ethiopia, were lagging and increasingly failed. Assessing the readiness of stakeholders before the actual adoption of EHR is considered the prominent solution to tackle the problem. However, little is known about healthcare providers' EHR readiness in this study setting. Accordingly, this research was conducted aiming at examining healthcare providers' readiness for EHR adoption and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to October 30, 2021. A total of 423 healthcare providers working in public hospitals were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify determinant factors of overall healthcare providers' readiness after the other covariates were controlled. RESULT: In this study, the overall good readiness level of EHR adoption was 52.8% (n = 204) [95% CI of 47.9% to 56.6%]. Age, computer literacy, computer access at health facilities, attitude towards EHRs, awareness about EHRs, perceived benefit, and perceived technology self-efficacy were significantly associated with the overall health care providers' readiness for the adoption of EHR using a cut point of P-value less than 0.05. CONCLUSION: Around half of the respondents had a good level of overall healthcare providers' readiness for the adoption of EHR which was considered inadequate. This finding implied that a huge effort is required to improve readiness before the actual implementation of EHRs. The finding implied that younger-aged groups were more ready for such technology which in turn implied; the older one needs more concern. Enhancing computer literacy, confidence building to raise self-efficacy of such technology, addressing the issue of computer availability at health facilities, building a positive attitude, awareness campaign of EHR, and recognizing the usefulness of such systems were the necessary measures to improve EHR readiness in this setting. Additionally, further studies are recommended to encompass all types of EHR readiness such as organizational readiness, technology readiness, societal readiness, and so on. Additionally, exploring the healthcare provider opinion with qualitative study and extending the proposed study to other implementation settings are recommended to be addressed by future works.

COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practice and associated factors among healthcare providers worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at teaching hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic that causes many deaths and disrupts the lives of the world population on an unprecedented scale. Healthcare providers are on the frontline in the struggle against this pandemic. In this regard, knowledge sharing is very crucial for healthcare professionals to provide safe, effective, and quality patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurate and timely COVID-19 related knowledge helps for making evidence-based decisions, during the management of the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practices and associated factors among healthcare providers who worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at specialized teaching hospitals in the Amhara Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia. METHOD: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2021. The study included 476 healthcare providers who worked in COVID-19 treatment centers at specialized teaching hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. A pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. EpiData 4.6 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Bi-variable and Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the dependent variable. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULT: A total of 454 respondents, with a response rate of 95.4%, were participated in the study. About, 55.3% (95% CI: 51-60.2) of healthcare providers had a good level of COVID-19 knowledge-sharing practice. Phone type [AOR = 4.05, 95% CI (1.99-8.25)], computer access [AOR = 2.09, 95% CI (1.12-3.92)], awareness [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI (1.20-3.39)], willingness [AOR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.05-2.97)] and educational status [AOR = 2.94, 95% CI (1.92-5.71)] were significantly associated with the COVID-19 knowledge sharing practices in the multivariable logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: The finding implied that above half of the healthcare providers in this study setting were good at sharing their COVID-19 related knowledge. Policymakers, government, and other concerned bodies should stress to improve computer access, awareness creation, enhancing healthcare providers' willingness to share their COVID-19 related knowledge, introducing smartphone technology, and rising healthcare providers' educational status are necessary measures to improve COVID-19 related knowledge sharing practice in this study setting.