[Diagnostic approaches to assessing mild behavioral impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment]. / Diagnosticheskie podkhody k otsenke subklinicheskikh neiropsikhicheskikh simptomov u patsientov s myagkim kognitivnym snizheniem.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of mild behavioral impairment (MBI ) in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI ), refine diagnostic criteria, and characterize the identified neuropsychiatric symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-three individuals over 50 years of age (median 72 [68; 77]) with MCI underwent psychiatric and psychometric assessments using clinical and psychopathological methods and scales. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate intergroup differences, ROC-analysis with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) was performed, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MBI diagnosis were determined for MBI-C. RESULTS: The prevalence of MBI using only ISTAART research criteria was 65%. An optimal diagnostic cut point for the MBI-C scale with the highest AUC (0.793), at 10 points, was identified. Upon a comprehensive assessment of MBI using criteria and optimal cut point values from the MBI-C scale, the prevalence was 33% (median 16 [14; 20]). Patients with MBI+MCI and MCI only did not significantly differ in MMSE and MoCA test results. Significant intergroup differences were observed in the severity of symptoms such as apathy (p<0.001), depression and anxiety (p<0.001), agitation and impulsivity (p<0.001), social behavioral disturbances (p=0.009), and subsyndromal psychotic symptoms (p<0.001). The most common symptoms were related to impulse control deficits, irritability, agitation, depression, anxiety, and apathy, while less common symptoms were associated with social behavioral disturbances and subsyndromal psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Novel data on the diagnostic features of MBI in elderly patients with MCI in the Russian-speaking population are presented. An optimal diagnostic cut point for the MBI-C scale in a sample of patients from specialized clinics for comprehensive use with commonly accepted criteria was determined. Further research is needed to adapt and validate the MBI-C scale and provide prognostic evaluation of MBI in the context of MCI progression to dementia.

[Diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cognitive impairment in the elderly]. / Potentsial MR-spektroskopii v diagnostike kognitivnogo snizheniya u pozhilykh.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of pre-dementia cognitive disorders in elderly people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 65 elderly individuals (37 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) according to NIA-AA criteria, mean age 67.2 years; 28 controls, mean age 65.2 years) underwent MRS (3.0 T) with posterior cingulate cortex as the region of interest. Absolute concentrations of metabolites (tCr, NAA, Glx, mI, Cho, NAA) were calculated based on their signal intensities. Statistical analysis was performed to assess intergroup differences and correlations. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the clinical and control groups in the absolute concentrations of metabolites: mI (MCI 4.97±0.13; controls 4.76±0.15; p=0.04) and NAA/mI (MCI 1.61±0.04; controls 1.73±0.04; p=0.04), as well as in the intensities of the choline-containing compounds signal (MCI 0.215±0.015; controls 0.205±0.005; p=0.04) in the posterior cingulate cortex region. No significant correlations between these changes and age were observed, suggesting the predominant role of neurodegeneration in the pathological process under investigation. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the promising nature of MRS as a tool to find the neurodegeneration biomarker.

[Non-cognitive psychopathological symptoms in mild cognitive impairment]. / Nekognitivnye psikhopatologicheskie simptomy pri legkikh kognitivnykh narusheniyakh.

Noncognitive psychopathological symptoms (NPS) in elderly patients are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. The question is raised whether these symptoms are risk factors or initial manifestations of the neurodegeneration process. This article provides information on the prevalence of late-onset NPS together with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), combination of which reflects the risk of developing dementia. The characteristic of mild behavioral impairment syndrome, which is currently used along with the concept of MCI, is given. The authors summarized data of the studies published over the past 10 years on the effect of NPS on the progression of cognitive impairment. Topics related to the differential diagnosis of these disorders, as well as existing approaches to treatment, are considered.

Ultrasound-assisted selective hydrogenation of C-5 acetylene alcohols with Lindlar catalysts.

The selective hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) was performed in the presence of Lindlar catalyst, comparing conventional stirring with sonication at different frequencies of 40, 380 and 850 kHz. Under conventional stirring, the reaction rates were limited by intrinsic kinetics, while in the case of sonication, the reaction rates were 50-90% slower. However, the apparent reaction rates were found to be significantly frequency dependent with the highest rate observed at 40 kHz. The original and the recovered catalysts after the hydrogenation reaction were compared using bulk elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The studies showed that sonication led to the frequency-dependent fracturing of polycrystalline support particles with the highest impact caused by 40 kHz sonication, while monocrystals were undamaged. In contrast, the leaching of Pd/Pb particles did not depend on the frequency, which suggests that sonication removed only loosely-bound catalyst particles.