[About the modeling of developing systems].

The purpose of the communication is to discuss the general properties of developing systems, the methods of their modeling, and the question of their complexity. The concept "complex system" is conditional, a more precise meaning has the complexity of the model describing the phenomenon. Two propositions are discussed: (1) The complexity of basic models is minimal. In other words, complex basic models are not necessary at all. (2) Alive systems are simpler than lifeless. Many processes in the inanimate nature, too, can also be assigned to developing systems. Nevertheless there is a distinction between alive and lifeless systems. The distinction consists in that alive beings can put a purpose before themselves and develop according to it. For this reason, they can be described by simpler basic models.

[Generation of valuable information and the problem of goal self-setting in living systems]. / Generatsiia tsennoi informatsii i problema samopolaganiia tseli v zhivykh sistemakh.

The problem of origination of capacity for goal self-setting is discussed. It was shown that the definition "goal" in living systems differs from the definition "target function" in physical problems concerned with nonliving systems. It was also shown that the main goal of the elements of a system is the storage of information. In biology, this goal is the extension of the principle of struggle for existence. Conditions were determined that the dynamic system describing the goal self-setting process must satisfy. It was shown that living systems meet these conditions. In inorganic nature, such systems may also arise but only as a result of long-term evolution, after which they become living.

[Kinetics of primary photocycle stages of bacteriorhodopsin at low temperatures]. / Kinetika pervichnykh stadii fototsikla bakteriorodopsina pri nizkikh temperaturakh.

According to the changes of absorption spectra kinetics of two primary stages of bacteriorhodopsin photochemical cycle was studied in the temperature range 160 +/- 300 degrees K. It has been found that for K610-L550 transition in the range under study the rate-temperature relationship is described by Arrhenius law with the activation energy Ea = 0.68 eV. For L550-M412 transition Ea = 0.69 eV. The character of temperature relationship, of the rate and amplitude for this transition indicates that at T less than or equal to 270 degrees K a phase transition is possible.

[Physical model of initial stages of energy transformation during oxidative phosphorylation]. / Fizicheskaia medel' nachal'nykh stadii transformatsii énergii pri okislitel'nom fosforilirovanii.

A model of non-dissipative energy transmission of activated electron into proton subsystem energy was considered. The model is based on the effect of resonance tunneling of the electrons, which provides for non-dissipative energy transmission. Within the scope of the model the energized proton formed in the protein membrane structure has enough energy to perform phosphorylation.