[The treatment of patients with cancer of the corpus uteri using the gamma emitter 137Cs]. / Lechenie bol'nykh rakom tela matki s ispol'zovaniem gamma-izluchatelia 137Cs.

A study is presented of 51 patients (age 52-77 years) suffering of uterine body cancer with marked extragenital pathology. It is shown that treatment of inoperable cancer of the uterine body using the SELECTRON apparatus for contact irradiation (cesium-137 source, 066-MEV photons). With this method exact dose control is possible. The preferred regime of dose fractionation in intracavitary radiation of endometrium cancer is a single dose of 1000 cGr weekly and a summary dose of 7000-8000 cGr.

[The cytogenetic effects of 22-MeV neutrons]. / Tsitogeneticheskie éffekty 22 MéV neitronov.

22-MeV neutrons affecting the culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been studied for their cytogenetic peculiarities. Linear character of the dependence of chromosome aberrations yield within the dose range of 0.2-4.0 Gy is noted. Relative biological efficiency of 22-MeV neutrons reaches the highest values at low doses (18.8-2.4). Pair fragments and dicentrics prevail in spectrum of aberrations.

[Half-body irradiation in the combined therapy of disseminated lymphomas]. / Polutotal'noe obluchenie v kompleksnoi terapii rasprostranennykh limfom.

Half-body irradiation at a single dose of 400-800 cGy was delivered to patients with disseminated fast-growing types of lymphomas and large aggregates of tumors and vital dysfunction of the body (the compression syndrome). Active detoxification therapy including heparinization, hemodilution with enforced diuresis and hemosorption was performed to prevent the syndrome of acute tumor lysis and postradiation complications. This treatment modality resulted in the elimination of clinical manifestations of the compression syndrome, normalization of the body homeostasis, a considerable reduction of the volume of tumor aggregates on a short-term basis, entering the patients into a curable state; the 5-year follow-up results were evaluated.

[Fast neutrons in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas]. / Bystrye neitrony pri lechenii sarkom miagkikh tkanei.

Results of treatment of 101 cases of soft tissue sarcoma are presented in the paper. Preoperative irradiation technique and radical program of treatment are described. Combined radiation and surgical treatment was given to 45 patients whereas conservative--to 56. Sixty-three cases received adjuvant combination chemotherapy. Response and three-year survival rates were compared to those in control group treated by photons. The results observed in patients of combined and conservative treatment groups who had been irradiated with fast neutrons proved significantly better than in controls. These data suggest vistas in application of fast neutron irradiation for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.

[The combination treatment of malignant bone tumors using fast neutrons]. / Kombinirovannoe lechenie zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii kostei s ispol'zovaniem bystrykh neitronov.

The study deals with results of a clinical trial evaluating treatment efficacy of a 6 MeV neutron beam produced by Y-120 cyclotron (Kiev). Procedures of preoperative radiotherapy and radical treatment are discussed. Radiotherapy was administered to 52 patients suffering chondrosarcoma (30 cases), osteogenic sarcoma (15) or chordoma (7). Combined treatment (radiation + surgery) was given to 22 patients whereas neutron beam therapy--to 30. All patients with osteogenic sarcoma received adjuvant combination chemotherapy. Three-year survival rate was compared to that observed in controls in whom combined treatment had included gamma-therapy. A significant increase in three-year survival rate was observed for osteogenic sarcoma and chordoma whereas for chondrosarcoma the improvement in survival proved insignificant. The use of fast neutrons in combined treatment of bone tumors was considered promising.

[The effect of hemosorption on the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence of the blood]. / Vliianie gemosorbtsii na intensivnost' spontannoi khemiliuminestsentsii krovi.

1 day after intensive irradiation of cancer patients chemiluminescent (CL) signal of blood sera is considerably enhanced. Hemoperfusion (HP) decreases it by 62%, with the following slight increase in CL intensity. 42-47% increase in electrokinetic erythrocyte potential registered in patients after HP, as well as a certain decrease in blood viscosity may be considered as an indirect explanation of the mechanism of triboluminescence of human blood during HP.

[Modification of the effect of fast neutrons in an experiment and in radiation practice]. / Modifikatsiia éffekta bystrykh neitronov v éksperimente i luchevoi praktike.

The data are obtained indicating that it is possible to increase the cytogenetic effects of 6 MeV neutrons by the additional effect of hyperthermia and caffeine. A combination of gamma rays and neutrons produced a superadditive effect, in estimating the level of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes, and in radiation practice when estimating the degree of tumor regression. It is suggested that a different mechanism is involved in the formation of chromosome aberrations after the combined effect of gamma and neutron radiation.

[Clinico-morphologic aspects of the combined treatment of locally disseminated cancer of the rectum]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie aspekty kombinirovannoto lecheniia mestno-rasprostranennogo raka priamoi kishki.

In 1174 patients, the pathomorphosis of rectal cancer conditioned by the combined treatment with preoperative irradiation was studied. Preoperative radiotherapy caused considerable disorders in the morphologic structure of a tumour. The survival of patients and incidence of tumour recurrences, depending on the pronouncement of morphologic changes after radiotherapy, were studied. The use of radiation modifiers in combination with radiotherapy facilitated more pronounced damage to the tumour.

[Characteristics of the RBE of a therapeutic beam of fast neutrons from a U-120 cyclotron]. / Kharakteristika OBE terapevticheskogo puchka bystrykh neitronov tsiklotrona U-120.

RBE of a therapeutic neutron beam obtained at the U-120 Cyclotron by a 9 Be(d, n)10B reaction (13.6 MeV deuterons) was determined. X-radiation of 180 kW was used as a standard. As estimated by the test of 30-day death of rats subjected to whole-body irradiation, RBE of fast neutrons varied from 3.44 to 2.03 within the dose range from 0.4 to 2.7 Gy. As estimated by the growth inhibition (during 60 days) of Guerin's carcinoma inoculated in rat femur RBE varied from 4.68 to 2.76 within the dose range from 2.3 to 12.0 Gy.

[Inhibition of the repair of neutron-induced DNA single-strand breaks in experimental tumor cells]. / Ugnetenie protsessov reparatsii indutsirovannykh neitronami odnonitevykh razryvov DNK v kletkakh éksperimental'nykh opukholei.

Nicotinamide and arabinoside cytosine mixed with hydroxyurea were shown to influence the relative amount of double-stranded DNA in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro subjected to single irradiation (10-30-52 Gy) and in Guerin's carcinoma in rat lungs exposed to fractionated 6 MeV neutron-radiation (1.25 Gy X 4). The DMF values for Ehrlich ascites tumor were a function of a dose range and the duration of the drugs' effect. Guerin's carcinoma DNA was found to be affected more readily when treated with radiation and drugs than when exposed to neutron radiation alone.

[Effectiveness of a fast neutron beam to induce DNA damage in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells irradiated in a aqueous phantom]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti puchka bystrykh neitronov po povrezhdaemosti DNK kletok astsitnoi kartsinomy Erlikha, obluchennykh v vodnom fantome.

The study of damages to DNA molecules of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells exposed in water phantom to fast neutron beam (mean energy of 6 MeV) showed that changes in the extent of DNA injury did not correlate with the absorbed dose distribution at the phantom depth of 8-12 cm, and also that the dose-response function in the phantom was different from that obtained upon irradiation of cells in the air.

[Cytogenetic effectiveness of the therapeutic beam of fast neutrons emitted by the cyclotron U-120]. / Tsitogeneticheskaia éffektivnost' terapevticheskogo puchka bystrykh neitronov tsiklotrona U-120.

The data are reported on the effectiveness of the therapeutic fast neutron beam of the medicobiological complex U-120 (Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR) as determined by the yield of chromosome aberrations in lymphocyte culture of human peripheral blood irradiated in the air and in the water phantom.

[Experience in the treatment of pancreatic cancer]. / Opyt lecheniia raka podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Survival was followed in 143 cases of morphologically verified cancer of the pancreas and major duodenal papilla after surgical, radiation, cytostatic and combined treatment. Survival rates after radiation and complex chemoradiation treatment were shown to be close to those after radical surgery within the first two years of follow-up. However, only radically-operated patients survived at longer stages. Chemotherapy failed to show any significant advantage over symptomatic treatment.