[Methods and Means for Defense from Collateral Action of Vaccine Virus after Vaccination Against Spallpox].

In connection with actuality of smallpox vaccination at present its methods and means are discussed to increase the safety of the first immunization with live vaccines.

[Experimental estimation of immunomodulating activity of Tubosan, a new Russian synthetic drug].

Tubosan, a new Russian immunostimulator is a derivative of sulfopyrimidine. It stimulated the humoral antiviral immunity in mice, provoked increasing the number of the antibody forming cells in the spleen of mice, immunized by sheep's erythrocytes, and increased the titers of the virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization by inactivated and live vaccines VEE. The Tubosan ability to lower the reactogenicity of the live VEE vaccine provided new perspectives for using such immunomodulators in medical practice.

[Evaluation of safety of prophylactic use of immunoglobulins against viral hemorrhagic fevers from horse blood sera].

AIM: Evaluate safety of prophylaxis of viral hemorrhagic fevers by specific heterologous immunoglobulins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical-laboratory examination of 24 individuals after intramuscular administration of heterologous Ebola immunoglobulin was carried out. Anaphylactogenicity of the immunoglobulins was studied by WD 42-28-8-89 in guinea pigs compared with commercial preparations. RESULTS: Immediate type reactions were not observed. In individuals with normal anamnesis the number of local reactions was 31%, general in the form of lung serum disease - 13%. In individuals with unfavorable anamnesis against the background of desensitization therapy there were almost no reactions; without it local reactions were present in 50%, mild severity serum lung disease - in 17%, medium - in 33%. Immunoglobulins against especially dangerous viral agents by anaphylactogenic properties did not differ from commercial heterologous preparations. CONCLUSION: Application of specific immunoglobulins from horse blood sera (the main means of protection from dangerous and especially dangerous exotic viral infections) with compliance by desensitization principles is relatively safe. Safe level of sensitization properties is characterized by anaphylaxis index up to 3.7 for guinea pigs.

[Experience with use of immunomodulators in treatment of tonsillitis developed at the background of preimmunization by TEOVac].

The use of immunomodulators in the treatment of subjects with postvaccinal reactions to TEOVac was investigated. The most effective schemes were shown to be those with the use of viferon or combination of arbidol and licopide. The terms of the response signs cupping off were much shorter vs. the cases treated with polyoxidonium. The immunomodulating factors did not affect the intensity of the immunity to the vaccine virus.

[Estimation of possible use of interferon inductors for prevention of postvaccional reactions to TEOVac in animal models].

The experiments on guinea pigs showed that arbidol administered orally in a single dose 24 hours prior vaccination with TEOVAC and ridostin administered in a single dose intranasally on the 4th day after the vaccination lowered the vaccine virus accumulation in the animal organs and tissue without any effect on the vaccine immunogeneity. The results are someway indicative of the possible use of the interferon inductors for prevention of postvaccinal reactions to TEOVAC.

[Use of antibiotics in the treatment of ulceronecrotic tonsillitis due to vaccination by tabletted smallpox vaccine].

Clinical trials of tabletted pox vaccine revealed development of tonsillitis as a postvaccinal reaction in some volunteers: ulceronecrotic lesions in the tonsils, lymphadenitis, hyperthermia and asthenia. The main cause of the local inflammatory reactions was activation of the host opportunistic microflora including hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment of the infectious complications systemic antimicrobials, such as benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) in combination with the symptomatic therapy were used. The treatment course of 9 days provided complete elimination of the postvaccinal reactions, the specific antibody generation being not affected.

[Clinical studies of vaccine TEOVac under the conditions of remote revaccination].

In the clinical trials of vaccine TEOVac in lower and reglamented doses under the conditions of remote vaccination, carried out on 11 volunteers, local reactions in the form of hyperemia, gingival edema (1 vaccinee), faucial hyperemia, enlargement of submaxillary lymph nodes (2 vaccinees) were registered in some of the vaccines; in one vaccinee systemic postvaccinal reaction of medium gravity was observed. Revaccination produced no negative effect on the hematological and biochemical characteristics of the blood, as well as on the urine characteristics. The study of the sensitizing vaccine to the antigens of the accumulation substrate (chick embryo), as well as its influence on the development of autoimmune reactions, revealed the absence of the allergic action of the preparation and its influence on autoimmune processes in the vaccines. The trial of the smallpox vaccine in tablets under the conditions of the primary immunization of adults was the topical and most promising trend in the improvement of smallpox vaccination, as the preparation TEOVac proved to be safe, in contrast to the traditional smallpox vaccine introduced by the scarification method, for both vaccines and nonimmunized persons having contacts with them.

[Development and study of properties of immunoglobulins against Lassa fever]. / Razrabotka i izuchenie svoistv immunoglobulina protiv likhoradki Lassa

A horse may serve the producer of immune antiserum to Lassa virus. Specific immunoglobulin with at least 1:512 titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to Lassa fever was obtained by alcohol sedimentation after Cohn from the blood serum of immunized horses. The preparation does not differ from heterologous commercial immunoglobulins. Preclinical studies of immunoglobulin to Lassa fever demonstrated its safety and a high specific activity. The agent can be injected both alone and in combination with virasole.

[Development and study of immunoglobulins against Lassa fever]. / Razrabotka i izuchenie svoistv immunoglobulina protiv likhoradki Lassa

The authors validate the use of horses as producers of immune antiserum to Lassa virus. Specific immunoglobulin with at least 1:512 titer of virus neutralizing antibodies to Lassa virus was obtained from the serum of immunized horses by Kohn's alcohol method. The resultant preparation does not differ from the heterologous commercial immunoglobulins. Preclinical studies of immunoglobulin against Lassa virus demonstrated its safety and high specific activity. The strategy of treating with the immunoglobulin alone and in combination with virasol has been experimentally validated.

[Methodical principles for testing tableted viral preparations]. / Metodicheskie printsipy ispytaniia tabletirovannykh virusnykh preparatov.

Presents the methods of oral and enteral administration of vaccines in tablets. Describes the method of oral administration with a sponge and the technique of administering large and small tablets in the intestinal tract. Describes the specific features of administering tablets to mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys.

[The evaluation in hamadryas baboons of the possibility for the specific prevention of Ebola fever]. / Otsenka na pavianakh gamadrilakh vozmozhnosti spetsificheskoi profilaktiki likhoradki Ebola.

The protective role of virus-neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in Ebola virus-infected animals (Papio hamadryas) used in experiments on the development of passive humoral immunity by using specific immunoglobulin. Two immunizations of the monkeys with purified concentrated Ebola virus antigen with complete Freund adjuvant was shown to confirm intensive immunity to subsequent challenge protecting 80% of the immunized animals. It is concluded that effective preparations may be developed for specific prophylaxis of Ebola fever.

[A method of fluorescent immunoenzyme analysis in the complex evaluation of viral and rickettsial vaccines]. / Metod immunofermentnogo fliuorestsentnogo analiza v kompleksnoi otsenke virusnykh i rikketsioznykh vaktsin.

With the use of the unified indirect solid-phase fluorescent enzyme immunoassay the combined evaluation of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of experimental whole-virion inactivated virus vaccines against Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalomyelitides, as well as of dried chemical typhus vaccine, has been made; their safety was determined indirectly by the content of ovalbumin. The protective role of antibodies evaluated by the solid-phase fluorescent enzyme immunoassay in typhus immunity has been shown.

[The duration of humoral postvaccinal and postinfection immunity to the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. / O dlitel'nosti gumoral'nogo postvaktsinal'nogo i postinfektsionnogo immuniteta k virusu venesuél'skogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Serological studies on the levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEE) were carried out by the standard method in 280 human subjects given a single primary inoculation of experimental forms of live vaccines against VEE prepared from attenuated strains No. 15 and No. 230. The VNA were found to persist in the blood of the vaccinees for 5-25 years (the observation period) from the time of vaccination practically at the same level. The VNA titres did not depend on the form of the preparation (for subcutaneous or oral administration) used for immunization. Similar studies were carried out on sera from 17 convalescents after VEE experienced in the past. An identical result was obtained. It is suggested that immunity to VEE persists for life.