ABSTRACT
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by marked reduction in all classes of serum immunoglobulins and the near absence of mature CD19(+) B-cells. Although malignancy has been observed in patients with XLA, we present the first reported case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a patient with XLA. We also demonstrate the complete correction of the XLA phenotype following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for treatment of the patient's leukemia.
Subject(s)
Agammaglobulinemia/therapy , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , Agammaglobulinemia/complications , Allografts , Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD19/analysis , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , B-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/complications , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Lymphocyte Count , Male , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Recurrence , Remission Induction , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Transplantation ConditioningSubject(s)
Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/immunology , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/immunology , Vomiting/diagnosis , Vomiting/immunology , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Animals , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Humans , Infant , Milk/immunology , Ovum/immunology , Vomiting/etiologyABSTRACT
Allergy skin testing is considered a safe method for testing for IgE-mediated allergic responses although anaphylactic events can occur. Reported rates of anaphylaxis per patient are not consistent and range from 0.008 to 4%. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of epinephrine use associated with allergy skin-prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) in a suburban practice over 13 years. This retrospective chart review used billing and procedure coding records during the time period from January 1997 to June 2010 to identify encounters where epinephrine was administered after SPT or IDT. Patient encounters with procedure codes for skin testing plus either parenteral epinephrine, corticosteroid, antihistamine, or i.v. fluid administration were identified. These patient charts were reviewed to determine if epinephrine was administered, whether systemic reactions developed, and rates of epinephrine administration were calculated. There were 28,907 patient encounters for SPT and 18,212 for IDT. Epinephrine was administered in six patient encounters (0.02%) where SPT was performed; no IDT encounters led to epinephrine administration. There were no fatalities. Allergy skin testing to a variety of allergens, when administered by well-trained personnel, is a safe procedure. This study, involving the largest population to date, showed a rate of systemic reactions requiring epinephrine of 20 per 100,000 SPT visits. No epinephrine was given after IDT.
ABSTRACT
Hens' eggs are a common food in the American diet. They are consumed as a primary food source and added as an ingredient to other foods. In individuals who are hypersensitive to eggs, egg-containing foods can cause mild to severe allergic reactions if ingested. These individuals may also have adverse reactions to vaccines produced on egg media. Vaccines that are created on egg media include those for measles, mumps, and rubella; rabies; yellow fever; and influenza. The authors discuss recent developments in the use of egg-containing vaccines in hypersensitive patients.
