[The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin ii receptors of the second type in the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the prostate].

Angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II, angiotensin II receptors of the first and second types represent the "classical" axis of regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the role of the components of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of proliferative lesions of the prostate glan MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 63 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy. The first group consisted of 19 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, the second group consisted of 19 men whose prostate cancer was detected during repeated biopsy, the third group consisted of 25 men with prostate cancer detected during primary prostate biopsy. The expression of angiotensin II type II (AT2-R) receptors in prostate tissue was evaluated using primary polyclonal antibodies Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor and the EnVision FLEX imaging system (Dako, Denmark) according to a standard technique. The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was determined in the secret of the prostate gland, RESULTS: It was found that the activity of ACE in the secret of the prostate gland in proliferative diseases is significantly higher than in the "healthy" prostate. The highest activity of ACE was noted for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the minimum - for prostate cancer. The expression of AT2-R in prostate tissues in proliferative diseases of the prostate gland has its own characteristics. The expression of AT2-R in the prostate stroma turned out to be the same, in the nuclei of epithelial cells, the level of expression of AT2-R decreased in the range of BPH-PIN-CP. Thus, an increase in the activity of ACE, the accumulation of angiotensin II in prostate secretions in proliferative prostate diseases against the background of a deficiency of AT2-R is the metabolic basis of malignant transformation of the prostate gland. CONCLUSION: The levels of ACE activity in prostate secretion and the expression of AT2-R in prostate tissue during primary prostate biopsy can be considered as promising prognostic tools for early detection of prostate malignancy.

[Role of angiotensin II receptor type 2 in predicting biochemical recurrence in the treatment of prostate cancer].

AIM: To identify markers for predicting aggressive forms of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2-R) in prostate needle biopsy tissue from patients with and without biochemical recurrence after combined hormone and radiation therapy. RESULTS: The study findings showed that low expression of AT2-R in prostate tissue was associated with a high risk of biochemical recurrence. The data on the nature of AT2-R expression in prostate tissue of prostate cancer patients may be considered as a tool for predicting biochemical recurrence after combined hormone and radiation therapy. The test has a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 85.71%.

[THE ROLE OF KALLIKREIN-KININ AND RENIN- ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROSTATE CANCER].

The aim of the study was to analyze the role of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer (PCa) and use the findings for identification of new markers of the disease. Analysis of proteolytic disturbances in the prostatic secretions in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer based on the identification of key indicators of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin system in the prostate secretion showed that kallikrein activity in prostate cancer is higher and the activity of angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE), by contrast, is lower than in BPH, apparently reflecting the reduction of angiotensin II and increase of the bradykinin content. A characteristic feature of prostate cancer is a dramatic increase in the inhibitory capacity of prostate secretion. It was found that in BPH patients, expression of B1 receptors in the prostate tissue is completely absent. The specific response with anti-B1 antibodies in the glandular epithelium was observed in malignant foci acini and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In contrast, expression of the B2 receptors occurs in the stroma of both BPH and prostate cancer independent of stage and Gleason score. Indicators of kallikrein and ACE activity in prostate secretion and expression of the B1 receptors in prostate tissue may be utilized for prostate cancer diagnosis.

[Periprostatic inflammation as a risk factor for the development of vesico-urethral stenosis after radical prostatectomy].

This article presents results of a study conducted to identify the causes of stenosis in the region of vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Tissue specimens from removed prostates were evaluated in 115 prostate cancer patients with a favorable postoperative period (group 1) and 5 patients who develop VUA stenosis between 6 months to1 year after RP. It was found that in the group 1 inflammatory infiltration did not basically affect tumor growth zones, was mild and did not spread beyond the prostate. Patients of the group 2 had maximum inflammation, with the inflammatory infiltration localized in the prostate regions, both affected and not affected by the tumor, and periprostatically. Taking into account more severe inflammatory response in the prostate with extracapsular extension of the process and the involvement of periprostatic structures in patients who developed VUA stenosis after RP, compared to those without VUA stenosis, we can consider this phenomenon as a risk factor for stenotic complications in the vesico-urethral segment after RP.

[The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of non-inflammatory form of chronic abacterial prostatitis].

The evaluation of some indicators of blood proteolytic systems and their role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in noninflammatory form of chronic prostatitis abacterial (CAP III B) was performed. The association between the activity of blood proteolytic systems and endothelial damage in patients with CAP III B was examined. Indicators of blood kallikrein-kinin system and renin-angiotensin system (activity of kallikrein, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, alpha2-macroglobulin, total argininesterase activity, activity of angiotensin converting enzyme, prekallikrein content) were evaluated in 32 patients with CAP III B before and after occlusive bronchial test. It was established that a violation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation is accompanied by an imbalance of pro- and antiproteolitic blood systems.

[Use of anti-radical protection enzymes in the treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis]. / Primenenie fermentov antiradikalnoi zashchity v lechenii ostrogo éksperimentalnogo pankreatita.

Effect of the complex of antiradical enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase in proportion 1:3) was studied on the experimental mode of acute pancreatitis. After thrice repeated administration of a complex of enzymes, antioxidant capacity of the blood serum normalized, activity of the enzymes of antioxidant protection of an organism and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased, concentration of extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin decreased, contributing to normalization of morphologic structure of the pancreas in 52% of the animals with hemorrhagic and in 70%--with oedematous form pancreatitis. The results obtained are indicative of possible correction of the changes in inflammatory process in the pancreas.

[Erythrocyte membranes and antioxidant provision in experimental acute pancreatitis]. / Membrany éritrotsitov i antioksidantnaia obespechennost' pri eksperimental'nom ostrom pankreatite.

Experiments were conducted on rats with induced edematous and hemorrhagic forms of acute pancreatitis (AP) to study the parameters characterizing the state of the red cell membranes: hemolytic efficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin concentrations. The values characterizing the bio-antioxidative defense were also studied: superoxide dismutase activity and antioxidative property. The development of experimental AP is attended by injury to the red cell membranes among the causes of which is poor antioxidative provision.

[Ceruloplasmin activity in blood serum in stomach and duodenal ulcers]. / Aktivnost' tseruloplazmina syvorotki krovi pri iazvennoi bolezni zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kiski.

An examination of 100 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach duodenum and 20 practically healthy people has shown that the level of extracellular antioxidant enzyme defense (ceruloplasmin) is higher than those in practically healthy people. This dependence was most pronounced in the group of patients requiring surgical interventions. In the process of treatment the level of ceruloplasmin activity gradually decreased, without reaching normal values. The level of ceruloplasmin activity in patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum are thought to characterize the state of compensatory reactions in these patients.