ABSTRACT
Yeast abundance and species diversity in the colonies of Formica aquilonia ants in birch-pine forbs forest, Novosibirsk oblast, Russia, was studied. The average yeast number in the anthill material was 10³-104CFU/g, reaching 105 CFU/g in the hatching chambers. Typical litter species (Trichosporon monilfiforme and Cystofilobasidium capitatum) were predominant in soil and litter around the anthills. Apart from these species, ascomycete species of the family Debaryomycetaceae, Debaryomyces hansenii and Schwanniomyces vanrijiae, were predominant in the anthill material. Yeast population of the ants consisted exclusively of the members of these two species. Thus, highly specific yeast communities formed in the colonies of Formica aquilonia ants differ from the communities of surrounding soil. These differences are an instance of environment-forming activity of the ants.
Subject(s)
Ants/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Yeasts/classification , Yeasts/isolation & purification , Animals , Yeasts/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Yeast abundance and species diversity in the latex of caoutchouc tree Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Juss.) M611. Arg., on its green leaves, and in soil below the plant Was studied. The yeasts present in the fresh latex in concentrations of up to 5.5 log(CFU/g) were almost exclusively represented by the species Candida heveicola, which was previously isolated from Hevea latex in China. In the course of natural modification of the latex yeast diversity increased, while yeast abundance decreased. The yeasts of thickened and solidified latex were represented by typical epiphytic and ubiquitous species: Kodamea ohmeri, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and synanthropic species Candida parapsilosis and Cutaneotrichosporon arbori- formis. The role of yeasts in latex modification at the initial stages of succession and their probable role in de- velopment of antifungal activity in the latex are discussed.
Subject(s)
Candida/isolation & purification , Hevea/microbiology , Latex/chemistry , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , Basidiomycota/metabolism , Candida/metabolism , Colony Count, Microbial , Debaryomyces/isolation & purification , Debaryomyces/metabolism , Rhodotorula/isolation & purification , Rhodotorula/metabolism , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification , Saccharomycetales/metabolism , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Long-term studies of yeast species diversity in the vineyards of the Republic of Dagestan using various isolation techniques and various substrates in the vertical tier dynamics revealed 38 species. The most diverse species complex including -80% of the isolated species was formed on the berries. A list of 160 yeast species isolated from grapes, spontaneously fermented fresh juice, and other vineyard substrates was compiled using the results of the present work and the literature data on yeast occurrence. Analysis of generalized data revealed considerable similarity in the taxonomic composition of yeasts from different countries and continents and made it possible to shift from the genus to the species characterization of the grape-associated yeast community.
Subject(s)
Fruit/microbiology , Phylogeny , Saccharomycetales/classification , Vitis/microbiology , Wine/microbiology , Argentina , Australia , DNA, Intergenic/genetics , Dagestan , Europe , Fermentation , Genetic Variation , Phylogeography , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Saccharomycetales/genetics , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Resistance of 14 yeast species belonging to different ecological groups to extensive storage in a dried state was investigated. Pedobiotic yeasts isolated mainly from the soils of humid areas (Cryptococcus podzolicus, Cr. terricola, and Lipomyces starkeyi) were the least resistant. The yeasts associated with the nectar of entomophilous plants (Metschnikowia reukaufii and Candida bombi) also exhibited low resistance to drying. Complete death of these species occurred during the first month of storage. Eurybiotic species from various environments (Cryptococcus magnus, Cryptococcus victoriae, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Cryptococcus wieringae) were somewhat more resistant. Pigmented plant-associated yeasts (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Sporobolomyces roseus), as well as the pathogenic or opportunistic Candida strains (C. albicans and C. parapsilosis), were the most resistant to drying. Thus, occurrence of yeasts in natural habitats is closely associated with their ability to survive prolonged drying.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological , Desiccation , Plants/microbiology , Soil Microbiology , Water Microbiology , Candida/physiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Cryptococcus/physiology , Debaryomyces/physiology , Lipomyces/physiology , Metschnikowia/physiology , Rhodotorula , Species Specificity , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Yeast abundance and diversity in a mixed forest sod-podzol soil under Impatiens parviflora DC plants was studied in comparison with unimpaired aboriginal herbaceous plants typical of the Mid-Russian secondary, after-forest meadow. The study was carried out throughout the vegetation period. Standard microbiological plating techniques revealed 36 yeast species. Typical pedobiotic (Cryptococcus podzolicus, Wickerhamomyces anomalus) and eurybiotic yeast species (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) predominated in both biotopes. The relative abundance of the autochthonous soil yeast species Cryptococcus podzolicus was higher in the soil under aboriginal herbs than under Impatiens parviflora. Sites with aboriginal vegetation were also characterized by high abundance of the pedogamous species Schwanniomyces castelli and Torulaspora delbrueckii. The share of yeastlike Trichosporon fungi with high hydrolytic activity was considerably higher under adventitious plants Impatiens parviflora, as well as in the previously studied soil under Heracleum sosnowskyi.