ABSTRACT
We report on the first experimental observation of terahertz (THz) wave generation from bismuth mono- and polycrystalline samples irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. Dependencies of the THz signal on the crystal orientation, optical pulse energy, incidence angle, and polarization are presented and discussed together with features of the sample surfaces. The optical-to-THz conversion efficiency was up to two orders of magnitude higher than for metal at a moderate fluence of â¼1 mJ/cm2. We also found nonlinear effects not previously observed using other metal and semiconductor materials: (a) asymmetry of THz response with respect to a half-turn of a sample around its normal, (b) THz polarization control by orientation of the sample surface, and
ABSTRACT
The authors have developed and used in 16 patients an endoscopic technique of continuous drainage of the upper urinary tracts by means of ureterocutaneostomy and assisting retroperitoneoscopy. The most reliable cutaneous fistula not inclined to scarring or narrowing can be established of small triangular skin flap from the wound margin sutured into the 2-3 cm longitudinal incision of the ureteral stump (stump ureterotomy). Such fistula may even heal without further internal drainage. In a short ureteral stump skin anastomosis may be formed in the depth of the wound with the use of longer cutaneous graft.
Subject(s)
Endoscopy/methods , Ureterostomy/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Retroperitoneal SpaceABSTRACT
Sonoluminescent parameters of plasma obtained from 124 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 57 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis and 39 pulmonary cancer patients were found different. The authors propose to use the standard integral index of sonoluminescence which proved significantly different. Utilization of DIS-1 apparatus appeared by 23-29% more efficient as it induced more intensive luminescence yet noted.
Subject(s)
Luminescent Measurements , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Sonication , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases/blood , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Plasma/diagnostic imaging , Sarcoidosis/blood , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Study of ultrasonic luminescence of blood plasma of 271 patients with carcinoma and other diseases of the large intestine showed that the sonoluminescence method may be used in the formation of groups of increased oncological risk. The discovery of a low sonoluminescence index in patients served as an indication for radio-endoscopic examination. Carcinoma of the rectum was recognized by the sonoluminescence method in 90.0% of patients.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/blood , Luminescent Measurements , Rectal Neoplasms/blood , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Ultrasonic luminescence of blood plasma was studied in 428 cases of cancer, precancer and non-tumor diseases of the stomach and other viscera. The authors were the first to establish a relatively short duration of sound-luminescence of plasma in gastric cancer. Those alterations were considered indicative of neoplasm. Disease was misdiagnosed in 15.5% of cases of gastric pathology: cancer was not detected in 12.7% whereas tumor was erroneously diagnosed in 18.5% of patients with complicated gastric ulcer and other non-tumor pathology. Application of sound-luminescent method in combination with X-ray examination assured reliable diagnosis of gastric cancer in 95.1%. The method appeared instrumental in diagnosing other cancers as well.
