[The search for ways to improve the efficacy of tuberculosis revaccination in children with immunological deficiency]. / Poisk putei povysheniia effektivnosti protivotuberkuleznoi revaktsinatsii detei s immunologicheskoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Clinicoimmunological examination of children to be BCG revaccinated showed 50% of them to have immunodeficiency. Primarily T-cell and macrophagal components of immunity were compromised. The study of immune response to BCG in animals with T-cell and macrophage immunodeficiency validated feasibility of improving antituberculous vaccination efficacy by using thymalin and sodium nucleinate.

[The immunological and cytogenetic changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Immunologicheskie i tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The performed studies showed that patients with active phase pulmonary tuberculosis have their T-system function suppressed, that of B-system activated, this phenomenon being the most marked in those patients with fibrocavernous tuberculosis. Increase in the activity of phagocytes was more common in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis. The immunity system state in subjects with non-active post tuberculous alterations did not depart from normal values. DNA and RNA concentrations were decreased in those patients having more pronounced immunologic disturbances (infiltrative and fibrocavernous tuberculosis), reparative capacity of RNA being altered only in patients with focal tuberculosis. Strong correlation was established between immunologic and cytogenetic indices.

[The differential diagnostic significance of neutrophilic reactions to specific antigens in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis]. / Differentsial'no-diagnosticheskoe znachenie reaktsii neitrofilotsitov na spetsificheskie antigeny u bol'nykh tuberkulezom i sarkoidozom legkikh.

Similarity of clinical, roentgenological and even morphological features of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis causes difficulties in differential diagnosis. This necessitates searching for new diagnostic criteria. Comparative study of functional state of peripheral blood neutrophils and their reaction to specific antigens (tuberculin and Kveim's reagent) were studied in patients with disseminated tuberculosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Tuberculin was demonstrated to exert specific effects only in tuberculous patients. It stimulated migration and increased number of EAC-rosette-forming cells. Specific effects of Kveim's antigen were manifested by considerable increase of E-RFC number and decreased absorptive abilities of phagocytes in patients with sarcoidosis. Differences in effects of tuberculin and Kveim's antigen may be used for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.

[The clinico-immunological efficacy of paspat and prodigiozan in the combined treatment of infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia éffektivnost' paspata i prodigiozana v kompleksnom lechenii infektsionno-allergicheskoi bronkhial'noi astmy.

64 patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma (IABA) were examined. 20 of them were co-administered paspat, 24 patients additionally received prodigiosan, 20 patients constituted control group and were given conventional treatment. Patients of all the groups were comparable in age, state of immunological reactivity of the body and severity of the disease. Immunomodulatory effect of the drugs, mainly of paspat, not only resulted in normalization of functional properties of granulocytes but also promoted liquidation of quantitative and functional IABA-conditioned immunodeficiency on the part of T- and B-lymphocytes, thus increasing effectiveness of the treatment in the whole.

[The characteristics of the immune status of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in PiM phenotypic variants of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor]. / Osobennosti immunnogo statusa bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom pri PiM fenotipicheskikh variantakh al'fa 1-ingibitora proteinaz.

The connection between alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor variants and immunity disorders in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis is considered in the article. As a result of investigation disorders of both T- and B-immunity systems were found. They consisted in decrease of the content and proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes, changes in their populational composition, dysfunction of B-lymphocytes, dysimmunoglobulinemia. These changes were more pronounced in allele M3+ carriers constituting the risk group on chronic lung diseases.

[Immunodeficiency states in lung diseases and the possible ways for their correction]. / Immunodefitsitnye sostoianiia pri zabolevaniiakh legkikh i vozmozhnye puti ikh korrektsii.

The author discusses problems on the mechanisms of formation of immunodeficiency state in pulmonary diseases. It is suggested that T-cell deficit revealed in pulmonary pathology is caused by several factors (intoxication, mediators of allergic-reactions immune complexes, C-reactive protein, hormones, endorphin-like substances etc.), the removal of which furthers normalization of the immune system. Data are reported on the possible variants of secondary immunodeficiency states and the main regularities for immunocorrection are discussed.

[Effects of intravascular laser irradiation of blood on the immune status of patients with bronchial obstructive diseases of the lungs]. / Vliianie vnutrisosudistogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na immunnyi status bol'nykh bronkhoobstruktivnymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

Thirty-eight patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma and thirty-four ones with chronic obstructive bronchitis were exposed to laser irradiation of blood. Control group given standard chemotherapy, consisted of 30 bronchial asthma and 30 chronic obstructive bronchitis patients. The immunity assessed in both groups exhibited the following changes in the study patients: T-lymphocytes count rose as well as their proliferative ability and concentration of immunoglobulins, the activity of oxygen-dependent metabolism inhibited, neutrophil absorptive capacity reduced. Restoration of normal cell function can serve a criteria of on-going laser therapy efficacy.

[Effect of thymus preparations and anti-tuberculosis agents on immunologic reactivity and the course of the tuberculosis process in experimental animals]. / Vliianie preparatov timusa i protivotuberkuleznykh sredstv na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' i techenie tuberkuleznogo protsessa u éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh.

The effects of thymogen, thymalin and vilosen in combination with antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin) were studied on 240 CBA mice with experimental tuberculosis. Thymus preparations supplemented to the complex treatment of experimental tuberculosis significantly increased their lifespan, contributed to a decrease in the index of spleen weight lung density and significantly increased the count of T lymphocytes and their proliferative activity as compared to those on antituberculous drugs alone. Thymogen was found to be the most effective in the complex treatment of experimental tuberculosis, whereas vilosen was the least. Thymogen plus vilosen proved to be the most beneficial combination of drugs.

[Effect of low-energy laser irradiation of bronchial mucosa on systemic and local immunity in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Vliianie nizkoénergeticheskogo lazernogo oblucheniiaslizistoi obolochki bronchov na sostoianie sistemnogo i mestnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

The effectiveness of endobronchial low-energy laser therapy was studied in 28 patients with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis concurrent with thinning of bronchial mucosa. The course of treatment made it possible to obtain positive dynamics of most parameters of immunologic reactivity in CNB patients. Systemic immunity parameters, except for the NST and concentration of circulating immune complexes, underwent essential normalization. Marked positive changes were found in the parameters characterizing functional activity of alveolar macrophages: there was a 2.5-fold increase in adhesive properties and over 1.3-fold increase in the percentage of phagocytes. The level of secretory IgA rose significantly (by 3.5 times). Hence, a manifested therapeutic effect of this therapeutic method is mainly associated with its immune-stimulating action.

[Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of T-lymphocytes in experimental tuberculosis]. / Ca2+-zavisimaia reguliatsiia T-limfotsitov pri eksperimental'nom tuberculeze.

Ca(2+)-exchange kinetics and the content of membrane and cytoplasm fractions of calmodulin in the splenic T-lymphocytes of guinea pigs with experimental tuberculosis were studied. A tuberculous process was accompanied by the changes in the Ca2+ exchange kinetics in the form of T-lymphocyte oversaturation with Ca2+ ions which in the end leads to an inhibition of the functional status of the immunity T system. PPD, a specific allergen, brought the capacity of T lymphocytes down in relation to the cellular Ca2+ exchange, presumably causing the normalization of the immune response.

[Effectiveness of administration of thymalin in the complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Effektivnost' primeneniia timalina v kompleksnom lecvhenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The criteria of differential administration of thymalin in the combined management of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis were defined on the basis of immunologic studies. A ++clinico-roentgenologic and immunologic evaluation of in-patient treatment of 60 cases demonstrated that a differential administration of thymalin in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs greatly shortened the stay at a hospital and increased the efficacy of treatment. Besides, more evident normalizing influence of the proposed option of therapy on the recovery of the immune system links is noted.

[Clinico-immunological substantiation of the use of rifampicin in the combined therapy of adults and adolescents with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskoe obosnovanie primeneniia rifampitsina v kompleksnoi terapii vzroslykh i podrostkov s destruktivnym tuberkulezom legkikh.

The effect of various doses of rifampicin on intensity of rosette formation was studied, and the immunological criteria for selective use of the drug in combined specific chemotherapy of extended destructive tuberculosis of the lungs were determined. It was shown that differential use of rifampicin with an account of its administration multiplicity and route promoted a decrease in the hospitalization terms and increased rate of discontinuation of tubercle bacilli isolation and cavern healing. The clinicoroentgenological findings were confirmed by the immunological tests characterizing various elements of the immunity system in patients.

[Effect of leukocytic interferon on the functional state of bronchoalveolar phagocytes in lung diseases]. / Vliianie leikotsitarnogo interferona na funktsional'noe sostoianie bronkhoal'veoliarnykh fagotsitov pri zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

A study was made of the effect of leukocytic interferon on the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in patients with chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the lungs. Cells isolated from the patients' bronchoalveolar washing off were used. It was concluded that short-term incubation of macrophages and neutrophils with interferon resulted in phagocytosis enhancement and increased intensity of metabolic processes in them. Interferon produced the most noticeable effect on cells with an initially reduced absorption capacity.