[Modern aspects of diagnostics and treatment of renal infarction].

One of the causes of acute kidney injury is the renal artery thrombosis. Clinical manifestations depend on the level of thrombus. This pathology is characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations in the early period, the complexity of differential diagnosis, often delayed verification of the diagnosis and unfavorable prognosis in case of prolonged (5-7 days) anuria. There is no generally accepted protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of renal artery thrombosis. To clarify the diagnosis, intravenous urography, radionuclide renography, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography are recommended. Until recently, patients with suspected renal artery thrombosis were treated with anticoagulant therapy and renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis, which is required constantly as renal function was usually irreversibly impaired. Surgical treatment is effective only in the first hours. The outcome is often unfavorable, the probability of hemorrhagic complications is high. Due to the rare frequency of detection and verification of renal infarction, no consensus has been reached regarding the diagnosis or treatment of this condition.

[Ultrasound-based techniques of targeted prostate biopsy].

The article is devoted to the multiparametric ultrasound techniques for prostate biopsy targeting. This literature review illustrates the variety of ultrasound-based targeting procedures and presents data concerning the diagnostic value of each. A special attention is given to every targeted technique limitations and the opportunity for the MTI-fusion.

[Current approaches to targeted prostate biopsy].

Currently, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy in men after lung cancer and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. According to world and national statistics, over the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in both incidence and mortality from PCa. Prostate biopsy is the cornerstone of the PCa diagnosis. However, recently, systematic transrectal biopsy as a standard approach has been questioned, since it has significant drawbacks that reduce the quality of PCa diagnosis. Considering the clinical importance of accurate PCa staging, MRI-guided targeted biopsy has been developed, which is currently the most accurate technique for taking a sample of tissue from suspicious areas. The optimal approaches to targeted prostate biopsy and the potential possibilities of including multiparametric MRI in the primary diagnostic algorithm are highlighted in this review, based on the results of large studies. The method allows to increase the overall PCa detection rate, the detection rates of clinically significant PCa, reduce the frequency of diagnosis of low-risk tumors and increase the overall accuracy of PCa detection, which has an outmost importance for the patient selection for active surveillance and to control disease progression.