ABSTRACT
On two occasions, sevoflurane distributed for clinical practice has been found to be contaminated with compounds thought to include hydrogen fluoride (HF) and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF(4)). Both compounds can produce pulmonary injury. However, injury would require fractional distillation of the compounds during the course of sevoflurane vaporization. We hypothesized that such distillation would occur and that the compounds would vaporize more rapidly than would sevoflurane. Thus, we tested whether fractional distillation occurs during vaporization of sevoflurane containing HF or SiF(4), or from sevoflurane containing HF converted to other compounds by contact with glass. Vaporization of < 10% of the sevoflurane distilled 65%-99% of these compounds, SiF(4) distilling most rapidly, HF (converted to other acidic compounds, including SiF(4)) distilling nearly as rapidly, and HF slowest. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that HF interaction with glass changed all HF to three other compounds, one being SiF(4) and the others being unknown. HF and SiF4 distill from sevoflurane more rapidly than sevoflurane is vaporized. Measurement of acidity after sevoflurane administration may not reveal a previous presence of such contaminants.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation/chemistry , Drug Contamination/prevention & control , Fluorides/chemistry , Hydrofluoric Acid/chemistry , Methyl Ethers/chemistry , Silicon Compounds/chemistry , Acids , Anesthesia, Inhalation/instrumentation , Chemical Fractionation , Glass , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Sevoflurane , Time Factors , VolatilizationSubject(s)
Colchicine/pharmacology , Plasminogen Activators/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line , Culture Media , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Maytansine/pharmacology , Mitosis/drug effects , Podophyllotoxin/pharmacology , Stimulation, Chemical , Swine , Vinblastine/pharmacology , Vincristine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A stable epithelial-like pig kidney cell strain has been established. This strain has been carried through more than 300 serial passages, has remained free of microbial and viral contaminants, and has retained a near diploid number of chromosomes. Attempts to produce tumors with these cells in immunosuppressed laboratory animals have been uniformly negative. The cells have grown rapidly in monolayer cultures with a split ratio of 1 to 15 at weekly intervals, but have failed to proliferate in suspension cultures. A subline adapted to growth on serum-free medium 199 has been carried through 145 passages on this medium. Several unusual morphologic features have been observed in these cultures including three-dimensional "domelike" structures. These cells have been found susceptible to some viruses and have been especially useful for viruses of domestic animals. LLC-PK1 cells have produced significant levels of plasminogen activator.
