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1.
J Oral Sci ; 66(3): 202-205, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39010170

ABSTRACT

The present work reports a case of a female patient complaining of itching and painful lesions affecting the oral mucosa for 7 months. Buccal and lip mucosa showed swelling and erythema, with serpiginous tracks. The patient was diagnosed with oral larva migrans, and the lesions resolved after ivermectin administration. At 18-month follow-up, no sign of recurrence was observed. Larva migrans can represent a pitfall in oral diagnosis and a stressful condition for the patient. Oral health care providers should be aware of this and keep this disease in mind as a possible differential diagnosis in oral mucosa lesions.


Subject(s)
Larva Migrans , Humans , Female , Larva Migrans/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/parasitology , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Adult , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mouth Mucosa/parasitology
2.
Dermatol Surg ; 2024 Jun 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38837772

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler has been increasingly used in facial aesthetic procedures. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical and histological changes associated with calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) dermal filler in the orofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into CaHA and control groups. The material was applied in the ventral tongue and the submandibular region; the animals were euthanized after 7, 30, and 90 days. RESULTS: After 7 days, yellowish nodules with a firm consistency were observed on the tongue. In 2 animals, the material migrated to the base of the tongue. Histopathological examination revealed CaHA spheres surrounded by an infiltrate, predominantly composed of macrophages. In the CaHA group, the percentage of collagen in the tongue and dermis was higher compared with the control group (p < .05) at both 30 and 90 days. The thickness of the epidermis/dermis was also higher in the CaHA group (p < .05). In 5 submandibular glands containing material, areas of edema and hyperemia were observed, along with infiltrates of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Changes in the morphology of ducts and acini in adjacent regions were evident. CONCLUSION: CaHA exhibits satisfactory properties for filling and collagen biostimulation in the tested regions. Further studies are required to explore the potential for migration and the glandular alterations.

3.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 25(3): 757-766, 2024 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38546058

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This review investigated the association of COX-2, TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα with the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the databases PUBMED, Web of Science, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The studies should assess the expression of those proteins in the tumor and survival outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included. The meta-analysis results leaned towards an association of COX-2 overexpression with a lower overall survival. The estimated hazard ratio was 1.51 (95% CI 0.97, 2.33), but not statistically significant (p=0.07). A low heterogeneity was observed (I2=0%). Regarding TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα, statistically significant results for the association with survival were presented, but there was not enough data to a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: COX-2 overexpression may be associated with a poorer prognosis in oral SCC. The insufficiency of studies about TNF-α, TLR4, and IKKα restrained their validation as predictors of prognosis.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , I-kappa B Kinase , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis
4.
Oral Dis ; 29(3): 1070-1079, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34724280

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both zoledronic acid, a potent bisphosphonate, and the antiangiogenic drug sunitinib are included in anticancer protocols and have also been associated with jaw osteonecrosis. Our aim was to compare the effect of these drugs on tissue repair at tooth extraction sites. METHODS: Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: (1) sunitinib; (2) sunitinib/zoledronic acid; (3) zoledronic acid; (4) control group. The animals underwent tooth extractions and maxillae were macro- and microscopically analyzed. RESULTS: On macroscopic evaluation, the zoledronic acid group showed a significantly higher frequency of oral mucosal lesion; lesions in the sunitinib/zoledronic acid group were larger, albeit not significantly so. The sunitinib/zoledronic acid group had significantly less epithelium than the zoledronic acid and control group, but showed no significant difference compared to the sunitinib group. The sunitinib/zoledronic acid and zoledronic acid groups did not differ from each other, but had significantly less connective tissue and more non-vital bone and microbial colonies than sunitinib and control groups, whereas these latter two groups did not significantly differ from each other. Vital bone and inflammatory infiltrate did not significantly differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Sunitinib alone is not associated with non-vital bone, whereas the sunitinib/zoledronic acid combination and zoledronic acid alone are.


Subject(s)
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw , Bone Density Conservation Agents , Rats , Animals , Zoledronic Acid , Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology , Sunitinib , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Diphosphonates/pharmacology , Tooth Extraction
5.
Clin Oral Investig ; 27(5): 1907-1922, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36574044

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Considering the chemical and structural properties of dentin, this study was aimed at evaluating the effect of dentin matrix alone or combined with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on postextraction alveolar bone regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to tooth extraction with osteotomy and allocated into groups according to the graft inserted: (1) Gelita-Spon®, (2) Bio-Oss®, (3) Dentin, (4) MSC, (5) Dentin/MSC, and (6) Control. Maxillae were analyzed by means of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were quantified. RESULTS: The Bio-Oss group showed less bone than Gelita-Spon and Dentin/MSC; no other significant differences were seen in H&E analysis. The Bio-Oss group showed higher expression of collagen type I compared to the Dentin and Dentin/MSC groups and also higher osteocalcin expression than the Dentin/MSC group. There was a tendency of higher expression of osteopontin in the MSC, Dentin, and Dentin/MSC groups and higher VEGF in the MSC group. On micro-CT analysis, the Bio-Oss and the Dentin/MSC groups exhibited greater bone volume than the Control. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels did not significantly differ between the groups. SEM analysis depicted particles of Bio-Oss and dentin in the respective groups, as well as significant cellularity in the MSC group. CONCLUSION: Autogenous nondemineralized dentin is an alternative for alveolar bone grafting, which can be improved by combination with MSC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This work provides support for the clinical applicability of dentin graft alone or combined with MSC.


Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Grafting , Bone Substitutes , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Rats , Animals , Calcium , X-Ray Microtomography , Rats, Wistar , Minerals , Bone Regeneration , Dentin , Phosphorus
6.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 237: 112597, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36399822

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in a model of oral carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one C57Bl/6 female mice were distributed in control group, 4-NQO group, Laser group 1.5 J and Laser group 9 J. Oral cancer was induced on the tongue by nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO), diluted in the water for 16 weeks. In the 18th and 19th weeks, PBM with a diode laser, 0.028 cm2 spot size, continuous emission mode, 660 nm wavelength was applied on the tongue of animals for seven sessions. Laser group 1.5 J received 30 mW power and 1.5 J energy. In the Laser group 9 J, 100 mW power, and 9 J energy were applied. In the 20th week the animals were euthanized. RESULTS: All animals exposed to carcinogen developed clinical and histological alterations such as leukoplakia and OSCC on the tongue. There was no significant difference among Laser groups 1.5 and 9 J and 4-NQO group (not irradiated) regarding the area of leukoplakia and carcinomas (P > 0.05) or thickness of epithelial tissue and keratin (P > 0.05). There were also no association between PBM and histologic classification of the lesions (P = 0.87), frequency of OSCC (P = 0.57), grade of tumor differentiation (P = 0.88) or depth of invasion (P = 0.45). CONCLUSION: Laser PBM, in both parameters used, does not influence on clinical and histological characteristics of oral leukoplakia and OSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that PBM may be a safe treatment for adverse effects of antineoplastic therapies in patients with leukoplakia and OSCC.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Mouth Neoplasms , Female , Mice , Animals , 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide/toxicity , Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Leukoplakia, Oral , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Carcinogens , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use
7.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 27(5): e452-e459, September 01, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-209812

ABSTRACT

Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is an important acute adverse effect of anticancer therapy. This condition presents high morbidity and may lead to the suspension of anticancer therapy.Material and Methods: We reviewed the literature on the pathobiology of OM and the properties of erythromycin(EM), to consider the possibility of its use for the prevention and treatment of OM. We searched the PubMed,Scopus and Web of Science databases and selected complete articles published in English or Spanish that met theinclusion criteria. The search terms “erythromycin”, “inflammation”, “immunomodulation” and “oral mucositis”were used.Results: The control of free radicals, transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines has been consideredas the key to the management of OM. EM has the ability to modulate oxidative stress, acts on the transcriptionalsystem and inhibits the production of several cytokines that have been directly implicated in OM pathobiology.Conclusions: The present review suggests that EM could be effective in the treatment of OM. Experimental studies investigating the use of EM in OM should be encouraged. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cytokines , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Mucositis , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Erythromycin , Inflammation , Immunomodulation , Oxidative Stress
8.
Clin Oral Investig ; 26(3): 2575-2585, 2022 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35088226

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of the deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the submental and subplantar regions of rats, and to histologically analyze the changes caused in the submandibular glands, soft tissues of the paw, and inguinal adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into DCA and control (CG) groups. DCA was injected in the submental, inguinal, and subplantar regions, and saline was injected in the CG. The animals were euthanized after 24 h and at 7 and 21 days. RESULTS: The DCA group showed edema in the submental region in 24 h and in the paw in all experimental times. In the paw there were also erythema and ulceration in 7 days, and alopecia after 21 days. At 21 days, a few animals also showed erythema and ulceration in paw; however, there was no significant difference from CG. Histological analysis of the paw showed an intense inflammatory process, with a predominance of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in 24 h and 7 days. In the adipose tissue, we observed loss of architecture and inflammatory infiltrate, followed with a lower number of adipose cells, and at 21 days, fibroplasia. In the submandibular glands we observed inflammatory infiltration, loss of tissue architecture, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: DCA produces a significant inflammatory process in the structures. It can cause skin ulcerations and, in salivary glands, it causes loss of tissue architecture and fibrosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There has been growing increase in the use of DCA for aesthetic purposes by health care providers. Due to the presence of important anatomical structures in the submental region, constant vigilance is required to report new adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Deoxycholic Acid , Submandibular Gland , Adipose Tissue , Animals , Deoxycholic Acid/toxicity , Esthetics, Dental , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar
9.
Clin Oral Investig ; 26(1): 633-642, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34160701

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nystatin on the efficacy of chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans in planktonic cells and mixed biofilm with Candida albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: S. mutans ATCC 25,175 in suspension and also combined with C. albicans ATCC 18,804 in biofilm were cultured. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), crystal violet colorimetric assay, and colony-forming unit counting (CFUs/mL) were performed. RESULTS: An increased MIC of chlorhexidine against S. mutans was observed when the drugs were administered mixed in a single formulation and with time intervals in between, except for the 30-min interval. The biofilm optical density (OD) in treatments using chlorhexidine and nystatin combined did not significantly differ from chlorhexidine alone. Either in biofilm colorimetric assay or determination of CFUs, the combined treatments with nystatin administered before chlorhexidine had less effect on chlorhexidine efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Nystatin interferes with the action of chlorhexidine against S. mutans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the combined drugs depends on their concentration, time interval used, and the planktonic or biofilm behavior of the microorganisms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In view of the great number of patients that can receive a prescription of chlorhexidine and nystatin concomitantly, this study contributes to the knowledge about the effect of the combined drugs. Given the high prevalence of prescriptions of chlorhexidine and nystatin in dentistry, dental professionals should be aware of their possible antagonistic effect.


Subject(s)
Candida albicans , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilms , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nystatin/pharmacology , Plankton
10.
Acta Cytol ; 66(2): 114-123, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34784590

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Oral cytopathology is able to detect incipient cellular alterations, but it is not routinely applied to this purpose. We aimed to establish a model to screen individuals with no oral lesion exposed to smoking/alcohol, by means of the nuclear area, cell proliferation rate, and analysis of genetic damage. METHODS: In this cross-sectional pilot study, 90 patients were allocated into 3 groups: oral cancer group (patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma), tobacco/alcohol group (patients without oral lesions and exposed to these risk factors), and control group (individuals with no lesion and not exposed to tobacco and alcohol). The cytological smears performed in these individuals were stained with Papanicolaou, a silver-staining and a Feulgen reaction. The nuclei of cells were measured, and AgNORs/nucleus and micronuclei (MN) were quantified. The cutoff values were stipulated evaluating the healthy mucosa (control group) and the cancerization field mucosa (oral cancer group). RESULTS: Cutoff values for the screening of individuals exposed to carcinogens were ≥8% of nuclei larger than 100 µm2, ≥3.38 AgNOR/nucleus, and ≥3 MN per 1,000 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear area measurement and AgNORs/nucleus and MN quantification identified the incipient phase of oral carcinogenesis. A screening model for individuals without oral lesion exposed to smoking/alcohol was proposed.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Mouth Neoplasms , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Nucleolus Organizer Region/pathology , Pilot Projects , Silver Staining
11.
J Bone Miner Metab ; 39(2): 117-125, 2021 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048242

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We present here a literature review focusing on the repercussions of osteoporosis on the oral and maxillofacial complex. Osteoporosis is a silent metabolic disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to bone fractures, particularly affecting elderly women. The prevalence of this disease has increased significantly worldwide, and since it accelerates bone resorption also in the jaw bones, some attention has been paid to possible oral and maxillofacial manifestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for reports of oral and maxillofacial changes related to osteoporosis. RESULTS: Several parameters evaluating bone changes in panoramic radiography have been proposed to estimate osteoporosis-related BMD loss, but they tend to warn about the possibility of osteoporosis, rather than being diagnostic criteria. Meanwhile, it seems that osteoporosis-related BMD loss could delay alveolar bone healing and potentiate bone loss in periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: Even though orofacial bones are not compromised by osteoporosis as much as the axial/appendicular skeleton, a regular dental follow-up of osteoporotic patients is advised, especially in the case of periodontal disease and maxillofacial surgery. Further controlled longitudinal studies considering the site-specificity of osteogenesis would be helpful regarding this issue.


Subject(s)
Face/pathology , Maxilla/pathology , Osteoporosis/pathology , Humans , Osteonecrosis/complications , Osteonecrosis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis/complications , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Periodontal Diseases/complications , Radiography, Panoramic
12.
Clin Oral Investig ; 25(5): 2705-2716, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32968945

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological and immunohistochemical features of tooth extraction sites in rats subjected to different antiresorptive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups according to the treatment: (1) alendronate, (2) raloxifene, (3) strontium ranelate, and (4) control. The animals underwent tooth extraction (60th day of treatment) and afterwards were euthanized (90th day of treatment). Tooth extraction sites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), and immunohistochemical staining (RANKL and OPG). RESULTS: On H&E analysis, the alendronate group showed greater amounts of non-vital bone, biofilm, inflammatory infiltrate and root fragment, and smaller amount of vital bone. The strontium ranelate group showed great amount of non-vital bone. This group also had lower levels of OPG, while the alendronate group showed lower OPG and RANKL than the other groups. On SEM analysis, the alendronate group showed a considerable number of microcracks on the alveolar bone surface and few Howship lacunae and lack of bone cells as well. The raloxifene, strontium ranelate, and control groups showed a large number of bone cells and Howship lacunae on the bone surface and few microcracks. CONCLUSION: Alendronate therapy is associated with macro- and microscopic features of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw at tooth extraction sites, whereas raloxifene therapy is not, and strontium ranelate therapy is associated with non-vital bone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a serious side effect of alendronate therapy, where tooth extraction is a major risk factor. Considering the significant number of patients undergoing antiresorptive therapies worldwide, the present study investigated whether raloxifene and strontium ranelate interfere with bone repair after tooth extraction in a similar way to bisphosphonates.


Subject(s)
Alendronate , Bone Density Conservation Agents , Alendronate/pharmacology , Animals , Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Raloxifene Hydrochloride/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiophenes , Tooth Extraction
13.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol ; 156: 103115, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33039721

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck radiotherapy can cause hypofunction of the salivary glands. Many studies report that laser photobiomodulation (PBM) is able to minimize radiation-induced hyposalivation, yet there is no consensus about its effects. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials that used PBM to prevent radiation-induced hyposalivation. METHODS: A systematic search was performed through Embase, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, LILACS and Web of Science databases. The strategy included comparisons of the effect of PBM with placebo/clinical follow-up on unstimulated and/or stimulated salivary flow in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy. RESULTS: Six clinical trials were included, five of which were used for meta-analysis. Evidence was observed between the use of PBM and increased unstimulated salivary flow (MD 0.20 mL/min, 95 % Cl 0.10-0.30, I² = 96 %, p < 0.00001) and in stimulated salivary flow (MD 0.27 mL/min, 95 % CI 0.08-0.46, I² = 95 %, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: PBM appears to minimize radiation-induced hyposalivation.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Xerostomia , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Salivary Glands , Xerostomia/etiology , Xerostomia/prevention & control
14.
J Cosmet Dermatol ; 19(10): 2497-2504, 2020 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32654409

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Deoxycholic acid (DCA) was developed by the pharmaceutical industry for aesthetical use in submental fat reduction. It represents the first lipolytic substance approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for fat reduction in that area. AIMS: This study presents an update of properties and the use of DCA, as well as adverse events and possible complications. METHODS: A search in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Bireme/LILACS databases was performed using the terms: "deoxycholic acid" OR "ATX-101" AND "injection" NOT "amphotericin" NOT "biliary" NOT "bile." Experimental studies developed in animals, clinical trials, literature reviews, case reports, and letters to the editor that included the DCA mechanism of action, dose, manner of use, adverse effects, and complications were selected. RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events are edema, local pain, bruise, and numbness, which usually spontaneously regress. However, complications, including, skin necrosis, nerve injury, alopecia, and vascular events, can occur, demanding complex management without specific protocols. CONCLUSION: Although DCA is beneficial for lysis of adipose tissue, clinicians should be aware about the adverse effects and risks involved with the use of this substance. The knowledge of local anatomy, properties, and adverse effects are fundamental to treatment with DCA.


Subject(s)
Cosmetic Techniques , Deoxycholic Acid , Adipose Tissue , Animals , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Deoxycholic Acid/adverse effects , Injections , Lipolysis
15.
J Photochem Photobiol B ; 209: 111933, 2020 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32570059

ABSTRACT

Xerostomia and hyposalivation are frequent conditions in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy, which usually lead to a worsening of quality of life. This study aimed to assess whether photobiomodulation (PBM) can minimize hyposalivation, xerostomia and qualitative changes on saliva and improve quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy in short-term follow-up. Twenty-one patients were randomly divided into two groups: sham group (SG) and laser group (LG). A diode laser was used for intra- (660 nm, 10 J/cm2, 0.28 J per point, 40 mW) and extra-oral (810 nm, 25 J/cm2, 0.7 J per point, 40 mW) applications over the salivary glands, three times a week, during the entire radiotherapy period. In SG, the tip of the instrument was sealed with blue rubber to prevent the passage of light. Xerostomia and pH were evaluated and unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow was determined before the start of radiotherapy (T1), after the 15th session (T2), after the end of radiotherapy (T3) and 60 days after radiotherapy (T4). Concentrations of calcium, total proteins, chloride, sodium, potassium and amylase and catalase activities were evaluated in stimulated saliva samples. Quality of life was assessed at times T1 and T4. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences in the outcome between times and groups. All patients showed worsening in unstimulated (p = .003) and stimulated (p < .001) salivary flow, xerostomia (p < .05) and quality of life during radiotherapy (p = .001). An increase in chloride concentrations was observed at times T3 and T4 (p < 0,05), and a reduction in amylase activity at T3 (p < .05). Unstimulated saliva pH was higher in LG than SG at T3 (p = .037). No difference between groups was noted in relation to salivary flow and composition, xerostomia or quality of life. Our results suggest that PBM may help in preserving salivary pH during radiotherapy.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Quality of Life , Saliva/metabolism , Xerostomia/etiology , Amylases/metabolism , Follow-Up Studies , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology , Humans , Saliva/enzymology
16.
Oral Dis ; 26(7): 1483-1493, 2020 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32400905

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histological, hematological, and oxidative stress effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in mice with induced oral mucositis. METHODS: We used 90 mice of the CF-1 strain in which oral mucositis was induced using a protocol with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. The animals were divided randomly into 10 study groups. Three groups were treated with different doses of CBD (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), while 2 were control groups (positive control: 5-FU + mechanical trauma + placebo; and negative control: mechanical trauma + placebo), and 2 experimental times were studied (4 and 7 days). All treatments were by intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS: In the clinical evaluation, the groups treated with CBD showed less severity of oral lesions compared with the positive control at both experimental times. The intensity of the inflammatory response was also lower in the groups treated with this drug, but there was no statistically significant difference when compared with the positive control. With regard to erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts and anti-oxidant enzyme activity, the groups treated with CBD showed better results, but only some of these variables showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBD seems to exert an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity favoring a faster resolution of oral mucositis in this animal model.


Subject(s)
Mucositis , Stomatitis , Animals , Cannabidiol , Disease Models, Animal , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Intestinal Mucosa , Mice , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/drug therapy
17.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 30(2): 126-133, abr.-jun 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-1144611

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Actinomycosis is a rare chronic suppurative infection that affects upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this work was to review important information regarding the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis. According to the anatomic site affected, it is classified into three clinical forms: cervicofacial (50%), thoracic (30%) and abdominal (20%). We present here a literature review focusing on important aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis. Despite the name comprising the term mycosis, the disease is caused by Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Actinomyces, mainly Actinomyces israelii, which are commensals of the oral microbiota. Nevertheless, when the integrity of the oral mucosa is compromised, they can become pathogenic. Actinomycosis evolves slowly and it often mimics other clinical conditions such as malignancies. Treatment consists in antibiotic therapy and can last up to 12 months in severe cases. Health care professionals' knowledge about the disease is crucial in a way to promote its prevention, early diagnosis and proper treatment.


RESUMEN La actinomicosis es una enfermedad infecciosa muy infrecuente de tipo crónico y supurativo que afecta al área cervicofacial e el tracto gastrointestinal. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo, revisar informaciones importantes en cuanto etiopatogenia, presentación clínica y tratamiento de la actinomicosis cervicofacial. Se puede clasificar de tres maneras a depender del sitio anatómico: cervicofacial (50%), torácica (30%) y abdominal (20%). Presentamos una revisión de la literatura con foco en aspectos importantes de la actinomicosis cervicofacial. Aunque se le denomine micosis, la enfermedad es causada por bacterias grampositivas del género Actinomyces, siendo que A. israelli es el agente etiológico más frecuente, cuales son microorganismos comensales de la boca. Sin embargo, si la integridad de la mucosa es violada, ellos se tornan patogénicos. La actinomicosis es lentamente progresiva y frecuentemente imita otras condiciones clínicas como malignidades. El tratamiento consiste en terapia antibiótica y puede durar 12 meses en casos más graves. El conocimiento de los profesionales de salud acerca de esa enfermedad es fundamental para promover su prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento correcto.

18.
Altern Ther Health Med ; 26(S1): 12-16, 2020 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31634872

ABSTRACT

The high frequency and painful profile of inflammatory oral lesions and the lack of an effective drug protocol for their management stimulate the search for pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of these conditions. Cannabidiol is the major non-psychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, receiving lately scientific interest because of its potential in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as asthma, colitis and arthritis. There is little published in the current literature about the use of cannabidiol in oral health. Among its many protective functions, the ability to attenuate inflammation through the modulation of cytokines and its antiedema and analgesic effects may be important features in the treatment of oral lesions. In this review, we suggest that cannabidiol can be useful in the management of oral inflammatory disorders.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Cannabidiol/therapeutic use , Cannabis/chemistry , Inflammation/drug therapy , Mouth Diseases/drug therapy , Cytokines , Humans , Pain
19.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 24(5): e577-e582, sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-185673

ABSTRACT

Background: The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study was to perform a survey of the stomatological conditions of elderly patients seen in a period of 40 years at a Stomatology Service in Southern Brazil. Material and Methods: A total of 24,347 medical records were reviewed, of which 5,063 belonged to elderly pa-tients aged 60 to 97 years. The stomatological conditions, systemic conditions, and smoking and alcohol drinking habits as well were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.29 years, 67.1% were female and 32.9% were male. Variations of normality accounted for 44.5% of the cases. The most prevalent disorders were fungal infections (26.1%), reac-tive inflammatory lesions (24.6%), burning mouth syndrome (14.9%), benign neoplasms (12.4%), autoimmune disorders (12.3%), premalignant lesions (10.2%) and malignant epithelial neoplasms (7.2%). Regarding biopsied lesions, squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent at 30.2%, followed by hyperplasic lesions (28.2%). Conclusions: Knowledge of these physiological and pathological conditions in the oral cavity of the older people is essential for early diagnosis and preventive and therapeutic measures when necessary


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mouth Neoplasms , Oral Medicine , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies
20.
J Clin Pharm Ther ; 44(6): 838-843, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31400293

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES: In addition to its antimicrobial effect, doxycycline has potent anti-inflammatory activity. In view of these pharmacological characteristics, its use in the management of inflammatory, autoimmune and granulomatous diseases has been proposed. The objective of this study was to investigate, through a systematic literature review, the effect of doxycycline on pain and healing of ulcerated lesions of the mouth. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register, Web of Science, Bireme/LILACS and Scopus databases. Controlled, randomized clinical trials were selected. The concentration of doxycycline, frequency of application, pain relief and clinical remission of the lesions were analysed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to the inclusion criteria, five articles were selected. In four of these studies, doxycycline was used in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis, and in one study, it was used in the treatment of herpes labialis. In all studies, the drug was used topically, both as a hydrogel and as a crushed tablet (along with a prosthetic adhesive). The groups treated with doxycycline showed faster healing of lesions and lower pain scores compared to placebo. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that topical doxycycline has a positive effect on the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration and herpes labialis. Experimental animal studies and double-blind randomized clinical trials should be performed on other oral lesions, such as traumatic ulcers and mucositis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Doxycycline/pharmacology , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Mouth Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Humans , Pain/drug therapy , Pain Measurement/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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