ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of subcutaneous mast cell tumors (SQMCT) and to identify clinical and histological characteristics of more aggressive disease. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Forty-five dogs with 48 SQMCTs. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed (2011-2021) for patient information, clinical, and histopathological data including multinucleation, necrosis, invasion into local muscle, an infiltrative growth pattern, tumor grade (if listed), mitotic index, and surgical margins. The presence of local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, survival time, and other parameters evaluating patient outcome were also recorded. RESULTS: Local recurrence occurred in 17.8% (8/45) of dogs, 11.1% (5/45) developed metastatic recurrence, and 26.7% (12/45) developed lymph node metastasis. Dogs with lymph node metastases had a median disease-free interval (DFI) of 194 days (18-1864), while median DFI was not reached for dogs without lymph node metastasis (p = .0012). Median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis was 551 days (110-2050) compared to 1722 days (10-1722) without metastasis (p = .0432). Local recurrence resulted in a significantly shorter median survival time of 551 days (80-2050) compared to 1722 days (10-1722) for dogs without local recurrence (p = .0038). Dogs with infiltrative tumors had a median DFI of 268 days (3-1722) and DFI for dogs without an infiltrative pattern had not reached median at 1864 days (10-1864) (p = .011). CONCLUSION: Lymph node metastasis decreased disease-free interval and survival. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Subcutaneous mast cell tumors may be a more aggressive disease than previously reported.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Mast Cells , Dogs , Animals , Lymphatic Metastasis , Retrospective Studies , Mast Cells/pathology , Prognosis , Records/veterinary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Dog Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
A 2-year-old intact female Alaskan husky sled dog was presented with a history of chronic exercise-induced regurgitation refractory to medical management. Previous diagnostics were unremarkable except for an endoscopic examination and histopathologic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract that revealed the presence of Helicobacter spp. and mild non-specific inflammation of the proximal duodenum. A laparoscopic hiatal herniorrhaphy, esophagopexy, fundopexy, and ovariectomy were performed without complications in anesthesia or surgery and clinical improvement was observed with continued follow-up for 8 months after surgery. Key clinical message: Surgical treatment for hiatal hernia may be considered in racing Alaskan sled dogs with regurgitation refractory to gastric protectant therapy.
Oesophagopexie laparoscopique, fundopexie et herniorraphie hiatale pour régurgitation réfractaire chez un chien de course de traîneau husky de l'Alaska. Une chienne de traîneau husky de l'Alaska, âgée de 2 ans, a présenté des antécédents de régurgitation chronique induite par l'effort réfractaire à la prise en charge médicale. Les diagnostics antérieurs n'étaient pas remarquables, sauf pour un examen endoscopique et une évaluation histopathologique du tractus gastro-intestinal supérieur qui a révélé la présence d'Helicobacter spp. et une légère inflammation non spécifique du duodénum proximal. Une herniorraphie hiatale laparoscopique, une oesophagopexie, une fundopexie et une ovariectomie ont été réalisées sans complications sous anesthésie ou en chirurgie et une amélioration clinique a été observée avec un suivi continu pendant 8 mois après la chirurgie.Message clinique clé :Un traitement chirurgical de la hernie hiatale peut être envisagé chez les chiens de traîneau de course de l'Alaska présentant une régurgitation réfractaire au traitement protecteur gastrique.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Laparoscopy , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Animals , Dog Diseases/surgery , Dogs , Esophagus , Female , Herniorrhaphy/veterinary , Laparoscopy/veterinaryABSTRACT
Plague, caused by the flea-transmitted bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis, is primarily a disease of wild rodents distributed in temperate and tropical zones worldwide. The ability of Y. pestis to develop a biofilm blockage that obstructs the flea foregut proventriculus facilitates its efficient transmission through regurgitation into the host bite site during flea blood sucking. While it is known that temperature influences transmission, it is not well-known if blockage dynamics are similarly in accord with temperature. Here, we determine the influence of the biologically relevant temperatures, 10 and 21°C, on blockage development in flea species, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) and Oropsylla montana (Baker), respectively, characterized by geographical distribution as cosmopolitan, tropical or endemic, temperate. We find that both species exhibit delayed development of blockage at 10°C. In Y. pestis infected X. cheopis, this is accompanied by significantly lower survival rates and slightly decreased blockage rates, even though these fleas maintain similar rates of persistent infection as at 21°C. Conversely, irrespective of infection status, O. montana withstand 21 and 10°C similarly well and show significant infection rate increases and slightly greater blocking rates at 10 versus 21°C, emphasizing that cooler temperatures are favorable for Y. pestis transmission from this species. These findings assert that temperature is a relevant parameter to consider in assessing flea transmission efficiency in distinct flea species residing in diverse geographical regions that host endemic plague foci. This is important to predict behavioral dynamics of plague regarding epizootic outbreaks and enzootic maintenance and improve timeous implementation of flea control programs.
