ABSTRACT
Candida nivariensis is a cryptic fungal species classified within the Candida glabrata complex. It was described for the first time in 2005 by the means of DNA sequencing. We report a rare case of C. nivariensis deep-seated infection occurring in a 77-year-old man hospitalized for cysto-prostatectomy. Phenotypic testing based on the direct examination and the macroscopic features of the in vitro culture initially suggested C. glabrata species, while MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry enables correct identification. The isolate was found resistant to fluconazole, like in almost 20% of the reported cases. Herein, we present our practical strategy to reliably characterize this rare cryptic species. To date, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based analysis showed very good results for such a purpose.
Subject(s)
Candidemia/microbiology , Saccharomycetales/classification , Saccharomycetales/isolation & purification , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/complications , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/immunology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/microbiology , Aged , Candidemia/etiology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/microbiology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , France , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/microbiology , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Recurrence , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/microbiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urothelium/pathologyABSTRACT
In January 2016, a large-scale outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was reported among French armed forces deployed in the Central African Republic. Challenging investigations, conducted from France, made it possible to identify a norovirus genogroup II in both stool and food samples, confirming a norovirus foodborne disease outbreak. Infected food handler management is discussed.
Subject(s)
Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Foodborne Diseases/virology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Norovirus/isolation & purification , Adult , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Central African Republic/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Feces/virology , Female , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Genotype , Humans , Male , Military Facilities , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Norovirus/genetics , RNA, Viral/genetics , Workforce , Young AdultABSTRACT
The ability of human lymphoblastoid cells to secrete large amounts of biologically active human hematopoietic growth factors from adenovirus-based expression vectors was investigated. The gene for human erythropoietin (EPO) was inserted into integrative (pTS39) and episomal (pTS53) vectors. Cell clones, originating from pTS39 or pTS53-transfected and stably selected cells, secreted recombinant human EPO (re-hEPO) at similar levels. The highest production, 60 mu/10(6) cells per 24 h, was obtained from a subclone of pTS39-transfected cells, grown in nonselective medium. The re-hEPO was shown to be biologically active in vivo by incorporation of 59Fe into red blood cells of polycythemic mice and in vitro by the proliferative response of the EPO-dependent cell line UT7. The purified protein of 36 kDa in SDS-PAGE slightly differed from re-hEPO from CHO cells. pTS39 vector was integrated at 15-30 copies per genome, whereas the pTS53 vector replicated at 10 copies per cell. Genes encoding human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were also expressed in the integrative system as biologically active growth factors, demonstrating that our host-vector system allows the expression of any little gene or cDNA and efficient secretion of the re-protein produced.
