ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Onychoscopy is the dermoscopic evaluation of nail and associated structures. It is useful in identifying the various onychoscopic patterns which act as a link between naked eye examination and nail histopathology and may help in avoiding nail biopsy in unnecessary cases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the onychoscopic patterns in confirmed cases of onychomycosis. METHODS: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in 500 patients with symptoms related to the nails and nail folds. Onychomycosis was confirmed in 234 patients by KOH mount/fungal culture/biopsy. These patients underwent dermoscopy with a handheld 20× polarized contact dermoscope (Heine's delta 20 T). The dermoscopic patterns were identified, and their correlation with the clinical subtype of onychomycosis was analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 234 confirmed cases of onychomycosis. The common dermoscopic patterns observed were spikes (43.16%), jagged (29.9%), longitudinal striae (49.1%), linear edge (3.4%), and distal irregular termination (34.6%). The statistically significant findings of distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) were longitudinal striae, spikes, and jagged patterns. The new patterns observed in our study are bluish streaks and globules (8.9%) and bluish gray globules (7.6%) in cases of DLSO which were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Onychoscopy, being handy, inexpensive, and noninvasive, has the potential to reduce the invasive procedures. Statistically significant patterns in DLSO and total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) are described in our study. Few new patterns have been described whose significance has to be tested by conducting larger sample size studies.
