Job-related factors associated with tobacco use among Chinese food delivery riders: A cross-sectional survey.

INTRODUCTION: Food delivery drivers represent a rapidly growing occupational group in China in recent years. Their unique work patterns such as a complex work environment and high time-pressure may subject them to more severe tobacco use issues compared to other professions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use within this group and examine the underlying reasons behind it. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multistage sampling design was conducted to select 1879 food delivery riders from Guangzhou and Shenzhen. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from August to December 2022. Chi-squared analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted for factors including gender, education level, type of employment, alcohol use, job-related uncertainty stress, and emotional exhaustion, were used to explore the key factors associated with smoking among this occupational group. RESULTS: Altogether, 65.5% of individuals in this sample were smokers, with 69.5% among males and 26.2% among females. Factors found to be significantly associated with smoking behavior were male sex (AOR=5.48; 95% CI: 3.74-8.02), education level of junior high school or lower (AOR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.21-2.11), education level of senior high school (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.18-1.95), full-time job (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.80), alcohol use (AOR=3.91; 95% CI: 3.14-4.87), moderate level of job-related uncertainty stress (AOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.81), high level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.17-2.10) and moderate level of emotional exhaustion (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.00-2.30). CONCLUSIONS: Demographic factors like gender, education level, job type, and substance use should be considered in designing smoking cessation campaigns for this group. Improving work conditions, reducing emotional exhaustion, and managing stress may also reduce smoking and enhance the well-being of these riders.

Career self-efficacy as a mediator between career-specific parental behaviors and school career support on career doubt.

This study evaluates whether career-specific parental behaviors and school career supports predict career doubt via the mediation of career self-efficacy. 227 participants aged between 18 and 25 completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that school career support was significantly related to career doubt via the mediation of career self-efficacy. However, the hypothesized mediation of career self-efficacy between career-specific parental behaviors and career doubt was not supported. Limitation and implications are discussed.

Family-Friendly Policies: Extrapolating A Pathway towards Better Work Attitudes and Work Behaviors in Hong Kong.

The need for family-friendly policies to balance work and life demands is growing. Many studies have addressed how family-friendly policies relate to a variety of employees' work attitudes and behavioral outcomes, but not how they (positively or negatively) affect them, especially the affective components of family-friendly policies that provide "felt" support to an employee. To fill this gap, this study adopts a moderated mediating mechanism to analyze how affective components of family-friendly policies impact employees' attitudes and behaviors through signaling and social exchange theory. We examined how this impact is mediated by factors such as work-life conflict, perceived organizational support, and control over working hours, as well as whether having a supportive supervisor moderates the mediated effect through further limiting the degree of work-life conflict or strengthening control over working hours. Data were collected through a survey with 401 employee-supervisor dyads from organizations in Hong Kong. We found that family-friendly policies do not necessarily affect work attitude and behavior, but they work through the sequential mediators of having more control over working hours and perceived organizational support. The role of supportive supervisors is also significant, in that they are likely to be key in molding the organizational environment for the gradual provision and uptake of family-friendly policies. The results of this study contribute to the development of signaling and social exchange theory and have theoretical implications for supervisors regarding them utilizing their position to improve employee work attitudes and behavioral outcomes.

Work-Related Smartphone Use at Night and Job Satisfaction: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Emotional Exhaustion and Organizational Dehumanization.

Work-related smartphone use at night has attracted substantial research attention. Surprisingly, its impact on employees' job satisfaction is mixed. Based on the stressor-strain-outcome model, this study aims to examine whether emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between work-related smartphone use at night and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the role of organizational dehumanization in moderating the relation between work-related smartphone use and emotional exhaustion, and the association between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction, was examined. A total of 372 participants reported on two online surveys. Bivariate correlation results showed that work-related smartphone use was positively related to emotional exhaustion but there was no significant association between work-related smartphone use and job satisfaction. Moderated mediation analysis results suggested that organizational dehumanization (T1) did not interact with work-related smartphone use at night (T1) in predicting emotional exhaustion (T1). However, organizational dehumanization (T1) interacted with emotional exhaustion (T1) in predicting job satisfaction (T2), in which individuals who perceived higher organizational dehumanization reported lower job satisfaction under higher emotional exhaustion. The limitations and implications of this study are also discussed in this paper.

Perceived procedural justice and psychological flourishing among mental health professionals in Macao: a moderated mediation model.

This study aimed to examine whether and how organizational factors (i.e., procedural justice) are associated with psychological flourishing, an optimal mental state. Path analysis was conducted among 195 Chinese mental health professionals (females = 69%; Mean age = 30 years) in Macao, and results showed that emotional exhaustion partially mediated the positive association between procedural justice and psychological flourishing, whereas emotion regulation significantly diminished the effects of procedural injustice on emotional exhaustion. Our findings highlight the emotional mechanisms underlying the influence of organizational procedures on employees' wellbeing, and wellness programs for enhancing employees' emotional regulation skills are recommended.

Justice procédurale perçue et épanouissement psychologique chez les professionnels de la santé mentale à Macao: un modèle de médiation modérée. Cette étude visait à examiner si et comment les facteurs organisationnels (c'est-à-dire la justice procédurale) sont associés à l'épanouissement psychologique, un état mental optimal. Une analyse de parcours a été menée auprès de 195 professionnels chinois de la santé mentale (femmes = 69%; âge moyen = 30 ans) à Macao, et les résultats ont montré que l'épuisement émotionnel médiait partiellement l'association positive entre la justice procédurale et l'épanouissement psychologique, alors que la régulation des émotions diminuait considérablement les effets. d'injustice procédurale sur l'épuisement émotionnel. Nos résultats mettent en évidence les mécanismes émotionnels sous-jacents à l'influence des procédures organisationnelles sur le bien-être des employés, et des programmes de bien-être pour améliorer les compétences de régulation émotionnelle des employés sont recommandés.

Justicia procedimental percibida y florecimiento psicológico entre los profesionales de la salud mental en Macao: Un modelo de mediación moderada recomendado. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar si los factores organizativos (es decir, la justicia procedimental) se asocian con el bienestar psicológico, un estado mental óptimo, y cómo lo hacen. Los resultados mostraron que el agotamiento emocional medió parcialmente la asociación positiva entre la justicia procedimental y el bienestar psicológico, mientras que la regulación emocional disminuyó significativamente los efectos de la injusticia procedimental sobre el agotamiento emocional. Nuestros resultados ponen de relieve los mecanismos emocionales que subyacen a la influencia de los procedimientos organizativos en el bienestar de los empleados, y se recomiendan programas de bienestar para mejorar las habilidades de regulación emocional de los empleados.

Rates and predictors of substance use in pediatric primary care clinics.

Background: Screening for substance use within pediatric primary care provides a unique opportunity to identify adolescents in need of intervention. Methods: This study analyzed screening data collected across 13 Federally Qualified Health Centers over the course of an 18-month project designed to implement Screening Brief Intervention Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for adolescents aged 12-21. A mixed-effects modeling strategy was used to describe associations between demographic, procedural, and clinical factors and adolescent reports of substance use. Results: In total, 10,813 adolescents were screened between December 2017 and May 2019, with 17% reporting past year use, including 11% at lower risk and 6% at high risk of a substance use disorder. Females, Hispanic, Black/African American, heterosexual, non-primary English speakers, and patients who did not have a co-occurring mental health disorder were all less likely to report past year substance use. While rates of disclosing any past year substance use were equivalent between patients screened by a staff member and those who completed self-administered screens, patients who were screened by a staff member were associated with reporting overall greater frequencies of use. Patients who were screened by a staff member with a parent present were less likely to disclose any past year substance use. Conclusion: While overall rates of disclosure of any past year substance use (17.2%) were lower than reported in research settings, a substantial proportion (6.3%) had screen results indicating a high risk for substance use disorder.

Concomitant Mitral Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently seen in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). When the severity of MR is moderate or less, the decision to undertake simultaneous mitral valve intervention can be challenging. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline, PubMed (NCBI), Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted to qualitatively assess the current evidence for concomitant mitral valve intervention for MR in patients with AS undergoing AVR. The primary outcome for this systematic review was the postoperative change in the severity of MR and other outcomes of interest included factors that predict improvement or persistence of MR and long-term impacts of residual MR. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included. The percentage of patients demonstrating improvement in MR severity following AVR ranged from 17.2% to 72%; the studies that exclusively included patients with moderate functional MR and reported longer term echocardiographic follow-up of greater than 12 months demonstrated an improvement in MR severity of 45% to 72%. CONCLUSION: This systematic review demonstrates that a proportion of patients can exhibit an improvement in MR following isolated surgical AVR, but whether this confers any long-term morbidity and mortality benefit remains unclear.

Long-term outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy: a multicentre analysis.

BACKGROUND: Many extrapulmonary neoplasms metastasize to the lungs. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for oligometastatic disease at two centres in order to determine long-term outcomes. METHODS: The study institutions' thoracic surgery databases were searched for all patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS: There were a total of 476 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy. Mean age at time of surgery was 57.2 ± 15.9 years. Mean number of pulmonary lesions was 1.9 ± 1.6. Mean disease-free interval (DFI) was 3.6 ± 4.3 years. The most common primary neoplasms were colorectal cancer (CRC) in 35.1% (167/476), sarcoma in 23.9% (114/476), melanoma in 16.2% (77/478), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 7.3% (35/476) and germ cell tumour (GCT) in 4.4% (21/476). Hospital mortality was 0.4% (2/476). Mean follow-up time was 3.8 ± 2.9 years. Survival was 88.9% (95% confidence interval 85.77-91.5) at 1 year and 49.6% (95% confidence interval 44.4-54.6) at 5 years. On multivariate Cox-regression analysis GCT (P = 0.004), CRC (P = 0.03), DFI of 36+ months (P = 0.007), R0 resection (P = 0.002) and non-anatomical, sub-lobar (wedge) resection (P = 0.002) were protective against mortality. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary metastasectomy is associated with survival of 50% at 5-year follow-up. DFI of over 36 months, R0 resections, lesions resectable by wedge resection rather than anatomic resection and GCT and CRC primary cancers were associated with improved survival.

Preemptive Femoral-Femoral Crossover Grafting of Artery and Vein Before Pelvic Exenterative Surgery for Locally Advanced and Recurrent Pelvic Malignancy Involving the Aortoiliac Axis.

INTRODUCTION: Achieving a negative resection through a pelvic exenteration for a recurrent or an advanced pelvic malignancy offers the potential for cure. Exenterative surgical units have expanded the boundaries and redefined what constitutes resectable disease through improved surgical technique. In selected cases, contiguous tumor involvement of the aortoiliac axis requires en bloc resection and subsequent vessel reconstruction. However, vascular reconstruction can be challenging in a contaminated field during an extended radical resection. TECHNIQUE: The aim of this Technical Note is to describe a novel method in the management of patients with recurrent or advanced pelvic malignancy involving the aortoiliac axis by performing preemptive femoral-femoral arterial and venous crossover grafts, with adjunctive arteriovenous loop fistula formation before undergoing an extended radical pelvic resection 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Four patients have undergone preemptive femoral-femoral arterial and venous crossover grafts at our institution (median age = 60 y (range, 47-66 y); 2 women). There were no early complications, and all of the patients subsequently underwent extended radical pelvic resections for a pelvic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive vascular reconstruction before major pelvic surgery reduces the risk of graft infection because this method avoids the wounds being contaminated by GI or genitourinary organisms. Other advantages to this technique include a reduction in the overall operating time for the pelvic exenteration, a significant reduction in the ischemia time to the lower limbs, and ensuring that the grafts are patent before embarking on major intra-abdominal surgery.

Re-do cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal surface malignancy: Is it worthwhile?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) an improved survival. However, a substantial proportion of patients develop peritoneal recurrence. There is limited data on the efficacy of iterative CRS and HIPEC in such patients. This study evaluates the safety, efficacy and outcomes after re-do CRS and HIPEC for PSM at a tertiary institute. METHODS: Patients undergoing re-do CRS and HIPEC for recurrent PSM were included. Cases were grouped into the first and iterative cases and compared to evaluate differences in morbidity, survival and factors influencing survival. RESULTS: One hundred and forty patients developed peritoneal recurrence after CRS and HIPEC. Thirty-seven patients underwent re-do CRS and HIPEC. The most common indication for iterative surgery was pseudomyxoma peritonei in 27 patients (73.0%). Median survival was 97 months for patients undergoing iterative surgery compared to 40 months for those who did not. Median survival following first and iterative surgery was 97 and 89 months, respectively (p = 0.15). Median progression-free survival after first and iterative surgery was 23 and 19 months, respectively (p = 0.47). At iterative CRS and HIPEC, incomplete cytoreduction (HR 12.82, 95% CI 1.64-100.35), increasing PCI (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.22), in particular PCI >20 (HR 10.90, 95% CI 1.37-86.66) were factors associated with worse overall survival. CONCLUSION: In well selected patients, iterative CRS and HIPEC is safe, and can provide favorable survival with low morbidity. Completeness of cytoreduction and PCI are factors that influence overall survival.

Job Insecurity, Occupational Future Time Perspective, and Psychological Distress Among Casino Employees.

The primary goal of this study was to examine job insecurity as a work stressor predicting psychological distress (i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress) among casino employees in Macao, China. The study was also the first one to test whether occupational future time perspective mediated the above relations. We recruited 1014 participants, who voluntarily took part in an anonymous survey in October 2016. Results suggested that job insecurity was positively related to psychological distress (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress). In line with our hypothesis, we also found that occupational future time perspective significantly mediated the association between job insecurity and psychological distress. The findings suggest that, in psychological health promotion campaigns among casino employees, job insecurity is a key factor to be addressed via organizational policies and activities.

The Past, Present and Future of Pulmonary Metastasectomy: A Review Article.

Pulmonary metastases are a sign of advanced malignancy and an omen of poor prognosis. Once primary tumors metastasize, they become notoriously difficult to treat and interdisciplinary management often involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Over the last 25 years, the emerging body of evidence has recognized the curative potential of pulmonary metastasectomy. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases is now commonly considered for patients with controlled primary disease, absence of widely disseminated extrapulmonary disease, completely resectable lung metastases, sufficient cardiopulmonary reserve, and lack of a better alternative systemic therapy. Since the development of these selection criteria, other prognostic factors have been proposed to better predict survival and optimize the selection of surgical candidates. Disease-free interval (DFI), completeness of resection, surgical approach, number and laterality of lung metastases, and lymph node metastases all play a dynamic role in determining patient outcomes. There is a definite need to continue reviewing these prognosticators to identify patients who will benefit most from pulmonary metastasectomy and those who should avoid unnecessary loss of lung parenchyma. This literature review aims to explore and synthesize the last 25 years of evidence on the long-term survival, prognostic factors, and patient selection process for pulmonary metastasectomy.

Emotion Dysregulation Mediating Associations Among Work Stress, Burnout, and Problem Gambling: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model.

This study aimed to examine psychological mechanisms underlying work stress and burnout that may increase the risk of problem gambling. A serial multiple mediation model is proposed to specify that work stress (high job demand-low job control) can deplete employee resources and lead to burnout. Employees who have emotion dysregulation may engage in gambling to escape or avoid burnout and negative emotions at work. Over time, these employees may become increasingly rely on gambling to cope with their burnout experience, leading to problem gambling. A total of 1233 full-time employees in the United States completed a web survey on work stress. Results supported the proposed serial multiple mediation model. The indirect effect of work stress on problem gambling first through burnout then through emotion dysregulation was significant. The direct effect of work stress on problem gambling was reduced to nonsignificance after controlling for the two mediators (burnout and emotion dysregulation). When the two mediators were considered together in the specified sequence, the indirect effects of work stress on problem gambling through individual mediators were also reduced to nonsignificance. Gender was a nonsignificant moderator, and pathways of the proposed serial multiple mediation model were similar for men and women. Supplementary analyses did not support an alternate sequence of mediators. The present findings suggest that prevention and treatment programs for work stress, burnout, and problem gambling should include the assessment and enhancement of emotion regulation skills.

Pulmonary metastasectomy: analysis of survival and prognostic factors in 243 patients.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary metastases are a sign of advanced malignant disease. Interdisciplinary management of metastatic cancer mandates the consideration of all treatment options, and in selected patients pulmonary metastasectomy can be performed with curative intent. This study aims to analyze the prognostic factors associated with survival and optimize the selection of surgical candidates. The sarcoma subset analysis aims to examine the role of multiple repeat resections for pulmonary metastatic recurrence. METHODS: A total of 243 patients were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate analyses with log-rank tests and multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards model were undertaken to determine the independent prognostic factors for survival. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses identified germ cell cancer (P = 0.01) and a disease-free interval of >36 months (P = 0.006) as significant independent prognostic factors for improved survival, whilst synchronous metastases (P = 0.04), multiple metastases (P = 0.005) and incomplete resection (P < 0.001) were identified as significantly poor prognostic factors. Subset analyses identified that ≥2 repeat resections within the sarcoma cohort was associated with an increased median survival of 63.5 months (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In selected patients, pulmonary metastasectomy can be performed with curative intent and have associated long-term survival benefits. Patients presenting with recurrent sarcoma pulmonary metastases should be considered for repeat metastasectomy.

Emotional Labor and Occupational Well-Being: Latent Profile Transition Analysis Approach.

This study used the latent profile transition analysis (LPTA) to analyze whether emotional labor profiles change across time and how these profiles relate to occupational well-being (i.e., job satisfaction, quality of work life, psychological distress, and work-family conflict). A total of 155 full-time Chinese employees completed the questionnaire survey at two time points. Three latent profiles were identified at Time 1 and the same profiles were replicated at Time 2. We determined that the majority of the participants retained the original profiles. Lastly, occupational well-being differed significantly across the identified profiles. The limitations and implications of this study were also provided.

Workaholism on Job Burnout: A Comparison Between American and Chinese Employees.

Past research frequently reports significant relation between workaholism and job burnout, and some studies further indicate workaholism varies across countries. Surprisingly, there is no study that directly examines whether country moderates the workaholism-burnout association. To address this research question, we have collected independent work samples from two culturally diverse countries, namely the People's Republic of China and the United States. A total of 2243 participants (1243 American respondents and 1000 Chinese respondents) were recruited. Preliminary group comparison suggested that there were statistical differences among participants from different industries on the key variables, including workaholism, job demands, autonomy and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, we have divided our participants into three subsamples [i.e., (1) natural resources, mining and construction industry, (2) manufacturing industry, and (3) service industry] and separate analyses were conducted. In the moderated regression analyses, workaholism significantly predicted two dimensions of job burnout, namely emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, even when job demand and job autonomy were controlled. Finally, although two significant moderating effects were found, there was a lack of consistent empirical support to the hypothesized moderating effect of country on workaholism-burnout association. Implications and limitations were discussed.

Relation Between Emotional Labor and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Investigation Among Chinese Teaching Professionals.

This study examined the association between emotional labor and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediation of work engagement in this relationship. A total of 264 teachers in Mainland China were recruited for this study. Bivariate correlation showed that both deep acting and the expression of naturally felt emotion were positively related to the two dimensions of OCB, namely, OCB toward the individual (OCBI) and OCB toward the organization (OCBO), whereas surface acting was not related to the OCB dimensions. Work engagement was also positively associated with both OCB dimensions. Regression results showed that work engagement partially mediated the relation between deep acting and OCBO, and that between the expression of naturally felt emotion and OCBI. Work engagement also fully mediated the association between deep acting and OCBI, and that between the expression of naturally felt emotion and OCBO. In light of these findings, strategies that encourage employees to display emotions consistent with their inner experience were discussed.

Comparing the Age-Friendliness of Different Neighbourhoods Using District Surveys: An Example from Hong Kong.

BACKGROUND: To address the age-friendliness of living environment in cities, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the "Age-friendly cities" (AFC) initiative in 2005. To date, however, no universal standard tool for assessing age-friendliness of a community has been agreed. METHODOLOGY: Two quantitative studies on AFC conducted in two Hong Kong districts-Sha Tin and Tuen Mun-were compared. A total of 801 residents aged ≥50 years were interviewed using structured questionnaires based on the WHO's AFC criteria. District-wide differences in age-friendliness were compared on the basis of eight domain scores. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The provision of services and amenities was also compared to help explain the difference in domain scores. RESULTS: Variations in mean domain scores were observed in both districts. Sha Tin showed significantly lower scores in outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, social participation, respect and social inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, as compared with Tuen Mun. Although a significantly higher score on the housing domain was observed in Sha Tin, differences in community and health services domains were insignificant. Socio-demographic factors, such as age group, gender, area of residence, type of housing, experience of elderly care, employment status, self-rated health and income, were associated with domain scores. However, variations in services and amenities provision appeared not to be strongly associated with district-wide difference in domain scores. CONCLUSIONS: District differences in public opinions towards age-friendly characteristics were observed in this study. Except for two of the eight domains, Sha Tin had significantly lower scores than Tuen Mun. Some socio-demographic indicators seemed predictive to the differences. Paradoxically, Sha Tin had better services and infrastructure and higher socio-economic status, but lower age-friendliness. This warrants detailed research on psychosocial factors that may influence residents' perceptions of local environments.

Effect of emotional dissonance on organizational citizenship behavior: testing the stressor-strain-outcome model.

In this study, the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) model developed by Koeske and Koeske was adopted to examine the mediating effect of burnout between emotional dissonance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study involved 264 full-time Chinese school teachers (82 men, 16 women, and 22 individuals whose genders were not specified; mean age = 34.4 years and SD = 8.09 years). Correlation analysis showed that emotional dissonance is positively related to all three burnout dimensions (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment). Emotional dissonance is also negatively related to OCB toward individuals. Results from structural equation modeling support the SSO model, which states that emotional dissonance first leads to burnout and then to lower OCB. The limitations and implications to the school management, such as provision of emotional regulation training and strengthening of the social network system, were also discussed.