Predictors of Weight Loss in African Americans with Prediabetes or Early Diabetes.

ACKNOWLEGMENT: This study was supported by Clinical Research Grant (7-08-CR-27) from the American Diabetes Association and by a contract (58-1950-7-707) with the Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. This article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to describe healthcare seeking, weight loss efforts and predictors of weight loss among African Americans recently identified with prediabetes or early diabetes METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on data collected from 89 participants who completed a previously published 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial testing the benefit of vitamin D supplementation on blood measures predictive of diabetes risk. Information about care seeking, weight loss strategies and weight loss effort was collected by questionnaire at three data collection visits. Weight was measured by trained staff at each visit. RESULTS: More than half of the participants saw a healthcare provider during the study, but few recalled receiving advice about diet, physical activity or other strategies for weight loss. Thirty-seven % of participants maintained their weight within 1 kg of their baseline weight. Of the remaining participants, half gained >1 kg and half lost >1 kg during the study period. Age-adjusted independent predictors of weight loss included a visit to a healthcare provider for preventive care, dietary restrictions, and consistent weight loss effort. Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on weight change. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of preventive healthcare and sustainable changes in diet and physical activity. It also suggests that physicians need better tools for motivating and supporting their patients to adopt behaviors that can reduce diabetes risk. For the millions of Americans who are trying to lose weight to reduce their risk for chronic disease, this study reinforces the importance of sustained effort.

Does vitamin D affect timing of menarche?

In a recently published prospective study, Villamor et al. found increased risk of early menarche in vitamin D-deficient girls compared to vitamin D-sufficient girls in Bogota, Columbia. The association was not fully explained by differences in body mass index-for-age z-scores. The mechanism for the association, if real, has not been elucidated, but could potentially involve vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. Early menarche and vitamin D deficiency are both associated with poor health outcomes, and further exploration of their association is important for women's health.