Link between individual resilience and aggressiveness in dental students and the mediating effect of spirituality: A path analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of spirituality in people's lives, particularly the lives of health professionals, as well as its impact on mental health issues like anger and aggressiveness and resilience, are particularly significant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between the propensity for violence and personal resilience in dental students by taking into account the function of spirituality as a mediator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 211 volunteer dentistry students participated from a government institute in Jammu and Kashmir, India using a stratified sample procedure. The Spiritual Orientation Scale, Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to gather the data. SPSS version 20.0 was used for conducting a bivariate analysis to ascertain the directionality connection between the research variables. In addition; structural equation modelling analysis was conducted by Smart PLS. RESULTS: According to the findings, resilience and spirituality have a substantial and positive link (r = 0.468 r = 0.023). Aggressiveness and resilience revealed a statistically significant inverse link (r = 0.325, P = 0.04), but aggression and spirituality had no significant correlation. Spirituality played a substantial mediation influence in the indirect pathway of violence on resilience (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the study's findings, spirituality can help pupils become more resilient as individuals and can act as a helpful intermediary between aggressiveness and resilience.

Assessing the NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMME (NTCP) guidelines-based education model in semi-urban school population: An interventional study.

Background: Awareness in semi-urban school population about harmful effects of tobacco use. Hence, the objectives of the present research protocol are to evaluate the incidence of tobacco usage amongst school children and educators, to evaluate the knowledge of students and teachers regarding the harmful effects of tobacco, to educate students and teachers regarding the deleterious effects of tobacco and to evaluate the success of the intervention. Material and Methods: This study will be conducted at a semi-urban school located in the Wardha district. A cluster of students and teachers will be selected and will be given a pre-test to assess their knowledge regarding tobacco. The questionnaire will also help in evaluating the total number of participants consuming tobacco. Teachers will be given intervention when the data from the pre-test has been analysed. They will be educated regarding tobacco and its effects on oral health with the use of PowerPoint presentations, posters and models. Activities such as skits, role plays and discussions will be performed. Teachers will be asked to educate the students regarding the same. After the students are educated, they will be given a post-test to evaluate their understanding after the teachers have educated them. Tobacco users will be motivated to complete the cessation of tobacco. A questionnaire comprises 20 questions that are taken from National Tobacco Control Programme (NTPC) guidelines. Expected Results: The proposed study represents a major step towards tobacco cessation amongst semi-urban school population. Overall, the study includes evaluating the knowledge of participants, educating them regarding the harmful effects of tobacco and motivating the participants who are tobacco chewers to complete stoppage of habit. The study will develop a valid and reliable change and would contribute in the development of good oral health. This research will provide in the Indian context, evidence that will underpin better selection in semi-urban schools of the Wardha district. Conclusion: The proposed study represents a major step towards tobacco cessation amongst semi-urban school population. The study will develop a valid and reliable change and would contribute in the development of good oral health.

Tobacco cessation by prescription - A 180 degree turn.

Utilisation of tobacco is one of the most serious problems affecting human health worldwide, despite the fact that the early fatality caused by tobacco use are growing, regardless of the fact that it is avoidable tobacco consumption is very common, considerable resources have been allocated to this issue. On tobacco prevention, a range of strategies have been tested but the ratio of death due to tobacco and number of tobacco consumers is increasing day by day. Various impediments to tobacco quitting have been recognized, all of which contribute to the failure of various tobacco cessation programs and methodologies. Individuals in the India have attempted or considered quitting smoking at some point in their lives but ended in failure. Existing tobacco cessation programs have not out-turned in a decrease in the figure of tobacco users or deaths, necessitating a new strategy. Tobacco cessation on prescription, developed from physical activity on prescription (PAP), can be a useful method in terms of public health. But yet no studies have ever been conducted over this. Further studies on this can explore results of tobacco quitting after prescription from general physician or other medical practitioner, evaluative beliefs about tobacco consumption and barriers in quitting even after prescription. Hence the present review was done with explore the outcomes for cessation of tobacco based upon utilization of tobacco cessation by prescription (TCP) methodology in Indian scenario. This review paper focuses on TCP as a need for newer approach pertaining to Indian perspective. Future study should look at whether raising the rate of stop attempts are improving the tobacco cessation rate in the general population after the implementation of TCP.

Markov model- Quantifying outlook towards success of tobacco cessation counseling.

Smoking is still a major public health issue that causes morbidity and mortality all over the world. The percentage of deaths caused by tobacco smoking has escalated from 1.4% in 1990 to 13.3% by 2020. There are numerous evidence-based tobacco control strategies available, and newer ones are always being developed. However, on ceasing the habit, cigarettes users go through a period of withdrawal with an increased percentage of relapse before entering to a more stable condition of sobriety in the long run. In this review, Endnote software was used as resource material to collect literature, which was then carefully arranged in a synchronised way. The Markov model captures the dynamic character of the quitting/relapse process, allowing for more accurate figures of abstinence rate, treatment outcomes and evaluating the performance of newer cessation initiatives during tobacco cessation counselling, as well as suggesting pathways for survivability.

Prevalence of breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) categories and breast consistencies in Central India -A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: For recognizing the initial stages of breast cancer, mammography is regarded as one of the best modalities and plays a crucial part to lessen morbidity and mortality. For collaborative studies and planning of preventive strategies, it is significant to have baseline data. Thus, in this survey, the frequency distribution of breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) classification and breast consistencies was investigated during the mammographic screening program in the Gwalior region, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Gwalior region, India, in which 1,838 patients were screened with the aid of mammography. The mammography films were evaluated by a single radiologist who determined the BIRADS score, breast composition, and any other abnormal findings. After tabulating the data into MS Excel (MS Office version 2007 developed by Microsoft, Redmond, WA), descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were performed to determine the association between the BIRADS score and breast consistency and setting significance level at (below) 0.05. RESULTS: The most commonly found BIRADS score was score 1 (53.4%), followed by score 2 (20.4%), and score 5 was of the least frequency (1.3%). Similarly, the most common consistency found was fatty (48.2%) and the least common was heterogeneously dense (3.97%). The most BIRADS category of 0 was seen in heterogeneously dense (n = 22; 26%) followed by dense breast compositions (n = 18; 25%). The most common consistency found with known breast malignancy (BIRADS 6) patients was the extremely dense breast (n = 11; 40.7%). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was observed that about 57.3% of all the cases were categorized as BIRADS 1 and 20.8% as BIRADS 2.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction reporting among Dental Students in a Teaching Hospital, Jodhpur, India: A Cross-sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: This is a cross-sectional knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) study on pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among dental students in a teaching hospital in India. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the KAP of dental students regarding PV, ADR reporting, and barriers toward the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered, investigator-developed, close-ended questionnaire was conducted in an academic dental hospital in India. All prescribers including third year students, final year students, and house surgeons of the same institute were included for assessment of KAP regarding PV using 16, 8, and 8 items respectively. Data regarding barriers toward ADR reporting and demographics were also collected. Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied followed by post hoc test. RESULTS: A total of 241 of 275 respondents participated in the study with a response rate of 87.5%. Overall, 64% reported that they had no idea about the term PV. Age was significantly associated with knowledge (p = 0.045) and attitude (p = 0.016). Barriers contributing to underreporting were difficulty in deciding whether or not an ADR has occurred (52.0%), concerns that the report may be wrong (37%), lack of confidence to discuss ADR with colleagues (29%), and almost no financial benefits (24%). CONCLUSION: Participants had a comparatively favorable attitude toward PV, but their knowledge and practice need considerable improvements. This study highlights the need for appropriate dental curriculum changes and further multicentric studies to shed more light on important issues of PV among dentists in India. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study explores dentists' knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding PV, which could help to improve patient's safety and care. The favorable attitude of dentists is an indication that PV could be added in depth in the curriculum and in general practice. Information on barriers for reporting the ADRs could help to find possible solutions for removing the barriers precisely.

Removal of dental plaque from different regions of the mouth after a 1-minute episode of mechanical oral hygiene.

PURPOSE: To assess dental plaque on different regions of the dentition prior to and immediately after toothbrushing. METHODS: Subjects refrained from oral hygiene for 22-26 hours prior to baseline whole mouth plaque assessments by the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Index (TMQH). All subjects brushed with a marketed soft-bristled toothbrush and a fluoride dentifrice for 1 minute prior to post-brushing plaque assessments similar to baseline. One calibrated clinical examiner conducted all measurements. RESULTS: 30 subjects (mean age 23 years) completed the study. Irrespective of arch, posterior teeth harbored higher frequencies for scores of 3-5 than corresponding anterior teeth prior to brushing. In comparison to the pre-brushing examination, scores of 0-1 were more common in the post-brushing evaluation, however, greater frequencies of higher plaque were observed on posterior than on anterior regions. Irrespective of gender, subject or arch, anterior teeth harbored lower mean amounts of plaque than posterior teeth by ANOVA at both clinical examinations (P < 0.0001). Additionally, irrespective of arch, lower mean scores for plaque were observed on anterior teeth than from posterior teeth or the whole mouth at both examinations (P < 0.001). Lingual and molar surfaces consistently harbored large densities of plaque and represented areas with the least plaque removal after toothbrushing. Mid-vestibular sites represented the areas with the highest percent removal of plaque at 65% and harbored significantly lower levels of plaque than proximal sites during all phases of the study (P < 0.0059).