Rational design and synthesis of some PPAR-γ agonists: Substituted benzylideneamino-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-diones.

The peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) remained the most successful target for management of diabetes mellitus. The present work endeavors rational designing of some novel PPAR-γ agonists bearing benzylideneamino-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione scaffold. The research involved virtual screening of 37 different molecules by molecular docking studies performed by Molecular Design Suite (MDS) into the ligand binding domain of PPAR-γ receptor to explore the binding affinity and conformations of the molecules. Eight compounds; TZD1, TZD-4, TZD-7, TZD-16, TZD-25, TZD-28, TZD-34, and TZD-37 demonstrated high affinity for PPAR-γ binding site. The following compounds were taken into the account and synthesized using a multi-step synthesis protocol. The purity of the synthesized compounds was ascertained by sophisticated analytical techniques such as IR, NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. The compounds were tested for glucose uptake assay by using 3T3-L1 cell lines, where all the candidates exhibited nearly similar potential for uptake of glucose into the lines as that of standard drug rosiglitazone. Three molecules; TZD-1, TZD-4, and TZD-34 showed most prominent activity over hyperglycemic control. This research opened new avenues for smart designing of molecules with high efficiency towards the management of hyperglycemia.

Design, synthesis and molecular modeling studies of few chalcone analogues of benzimidazole for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor in search of useful anticancer agent.

In the present investigation, few 3-(substitutedphenyl)-1-[2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)]-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones are EGFR antagonist are designed, by molecular docking analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity by propidium iodide fluorescent assay and Trypan blue viability assay against colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116) and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (H460). Human Epithelial Kidney cell lines (HEK) are used as normal cell lines for studying effect of drug on non-cancerous cells within human body. Evaluation of cytotoxic studies of synthesized compounds CHL(1-8) reveal that compound CHL1 [IC50=7.31 and 10.16 µM against HCT116 and H460 cell lines respectively, by PI assay] and CHL8 [IC50=12.52 and 6.83 against HCT116 and H460µM cell lines respectively] possess promising cytotoxic activity.

Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Clopidogrel, Aspirin and Atorvastatin in Rat Plasma and Its Application to the Pharmacokinetic Study.

A simple and robust analytical reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous chromatographic elution of three cardiovascular drugs, namely clopidogrel, aspirin (ASP) and atorvastatin. The method was developed in rat plasma and dosage formulation with high-quality chromatographic separation between the drug peaks by using a stainless steel analytical column thermo beta-basic, C18 (25 × 0.46 cm, 5 µm). The system was operated at 25°C using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) in the gradient ratio at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) with ultraviolet detection monitored at 232 nm. The parametric statistics, i.e., correlation coefficient of 0.999, was assessed for all the drugs having linearity over the tested concentration range (10-10,000 ng mL(-1)) in rat plasma using an unweighted calibration curve. The accuracy of samples for six replicate measurements at lower limit of quantitation level was within limit. The method was applicable for the quality control of the mentioned drugs in raw material, bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in pharmacokinetic studies.

Synthesis, biological screening and molecular modeling studies of novel 3-chloro-4-substituted-1-(2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl))-azetidin-2-ones.

In the present investigation synthesis of some novel 1-(2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-3-chloro-4-(Un/substitutedphenyl)azetidin-2-one (3a-3h) antibacterial are reported. Structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral techniques (IR, Mass, (1)H-NMR) All reactions were monitored with analytical thin layer chromatography. Synthesized compounds were docked in to the active site of enzyme transpeptidase. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3d and 3g were found to have good affinity for transpeptidase with potent antibacterial activity. A good correlation is found between in silico docking analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity.

Synthesis and molecular modeling studies of 3-chloro-4-substituted-1-(8-hydroxy-quinolin-5-yl)-azetidin-2-ones as novel anti-filarial agents.

A series of 3-chloro-4-substituted-1-(8-hydroxy-quinolin-5-yl)-azetidin-2-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-filarial activity. To pre-assess the anti-filarial behavior of synthesized compounds (V(a-f)) on a structural basis, automated docking studies were carried out with Molecular Design Suite (MDS v 3.5) into the active site of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme; scoring functions of these compounds at the active site of the GST enzyme were used for correlation with observed activity. Compounds V(e) and V(f) have shown good affinity for receptor GST, as well as in vitro anti-filarial potency.