ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is a strong evidence that genetic as well as environmental factors affect the age of onset, severity and lifetime risk of developing periodontitis. The objective of the present study was to compare and to evaluate the association between interleukin (IL)-1α(-889) and gene polymorphisms in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 Indian patients, with 20 aggressive periodontitis, 20 chronic periodontitis and 20 healthy controls were recruited for this study. From each patient, a volume of 2 ml of blood was collected by venipuncture in the ante-cubital fossa and was stored in sodium EDTA vacutainers and was used for genotyping assays with the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index, gingival index and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated for each patient. Genotype distribution between different groups were analyzed using Chi-square test. A P = 0.05 or less was set for significance. RESULTS: The mean oral hygiene index was 3.7 ± 0.86 and 3.25 ± 0.30 for chronic and aggressive periodontitis cases respectively. The CAL was 4.29 ± 0.63 mm for chronic periodontitis and 6.44 ± 0.57 mm for aggressive periodontitis. Homozygous genotype 2,2 was more predominant in cases of aggressive periodontitis whereas in chronic periodontitis, heterozygous genotype 1,2 was more predominant when compared with others (P < 0.001). Odds ratio for aggressive versus chronic periodontitis was calculated as 6.2 (95% confidence interval 6.019-7.892). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support a positive association between aggressive periodontitis and the presence of the IL-1α-889, allele 2 polymorphism in Indian patients.
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Periodontal infections can act as focus of infection, aggravating the immunocompromised state of End Stage Renal Disease patients (ESRD). AIM: Evaluation of the periodontal health status of ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis and establishing the underlying association between renal failure and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty control and test subjects were included in the study, after matching age and sex. Creatinine and GFR were measured in each patient. Oral hygiene index- Simplified (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded as periodontal parameters to assess the correlation between the subjects of the two groups. Further, the test group was divided into three sub-groups, on basis of duration, as less than 6 months, from 6 months to one year and more than one year. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's t - test and ANOVA were used to analyze the inter-group and intragroup comparisons. RESULTS: Statistical significant difference was observed for all periodontal parameters between the test and control group. However, difference amongst periodontal parameters on basis of duration of haemodialysis was seen between the subgroups of test subjects, it was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Severity of periodontal diseases in ESRD patients undergoing haemodialysis majorly affected due to debilitating condition of the subjects. Dialysis vintage has only a small role to play in worsening of the condition. Further research is needed to potentiate the establishment of two-way relationship between renal disease and periodontal condition.
