[Study on the EEG functional brain connectivity characteristics of college students with depression].

The aim of the present study was to explore the changes in some functional connectivity in the resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) based functional brain network of depressed college students, and to understand the brain regions involved in the onset of depression and the electrophysiological activity of subcortical nerve cells, hoping to provide additional information for the diagnosis of depression. Twenty female college students with depressive symptoms were selected according to the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The EEG information of 20 female college students under resting-state was collected by using a 32-conduction EEG acquisition system (Neuroscan). Then Pearson correlation analysis, coherence analysis, phase locking value analysis, phase lag index analysis and weighted phase lag index analysis were used to construct the resting-state brain functional network. The results showed that, compared with the normal group, the depression group exhibited significantly increased correlation in θ and ß bands of EEG (P < 0.05), and extremely significantly increased in α band (P < 0.01). Among them, the coherence in α and ß bands was significantly increased (P < 0.05), mainly concentrated in the left hemisphere frontal lobe and temporal lobe region. The phase locking value in θ, α and ß bands was significantly increased (P < 0.05), mainly concentrated in the prefrontal region and the left hemisphere from the frontal region to the temporal region, and the connectivity in α band was the most obvious. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between indicators of differential functional connectivity (coherence and phase locking value) and BDI-II scores in the depression group, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve indicated a high specificity of 85% for the differential indicators. These results suggest that the abnormal brain function of the depressed college students is related to the change of functional connectivity in the left hemisphere, especially α frequency band in the frontal region, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of depression in the future.

[Screening of different metabolites in teenage football players after exercise fatigue].

Objective: To investigate the changes of metabolites of teenage football players after exercise-induced fatigue. Methods: Twelve male teenage football players (14～16 yrs) were selected as experimental subjects in this study. And an exercise model including aerobic and anaerobic exercise as one group exercise was established by using power bicycle: completion 6 min 150 W load, 60～65 r/min of riding exercise and 30 s of riding exercise which load was the maximum speed set by the tester's weight. The rest took 1 min in the middle of one group exercise, and repeat 3 times of one group exercise, then rest for 3 min after one group exercise. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and average anaerobic power were measured after each group exercise. Their urine samples were collected before and after the whole exercise model, and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to detect the differential metabolites. Results: The teenage football players had a significant decrease in anaerobic capacity after fatigue. Compared with pre-exercise, a total of 25 differential metabolites were screened out, of which 3 metabolites were significantly higher and 22 metabolites were markedly lower. The related metabolic pathways of above differential metabolites were classified as glycine-serine-threonine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, tyrosine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, respectively. Conclusion: After exercise-induced fatigue occurs in teenage football players, the body's metabolites: sarcosine, L-allothreonine, creatine, serine, succinic acid, citric acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, hydroxylamine, and ethanolamine produce significant changes. The above-mentioned differential metabolites can be used as indicators for teenage football players' exercise-induced fatigue evaluation.

[Comparison of differential metabolites in urine of the middle school students with chronic fatigue syndrome before and after exercise].

OBJECTIVE: To study the differential metabolites in urine and the characteristics of metabolic pathway of middle school students with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) before and after exercise, and then explain the metabolic mechanism of CFS. METHODS: Eight male middle school students (age:17-19) with CFS were selectedas the CFS group according to CFS screening criteria of the U.S. centers.At the same time, 8 male health students of the same age from the same school were selected as the control group. They were administrated to do one-time exercise on the improved Harvard step (up and down steps 30 times/min for 3minutes). Their urinewascollected before and after exercise, and the differential metabolitesin urine were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The multidimensional statistical methods were used to analyze the metabolites by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Finally, MetPA database was used to analyze the metabolites and to construct the correlativemetabolic pathways. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the creatine, indoleacetaldehyde, phytosphingosine and pyroglutamic acid were selected as differential metabolites and the contents of those were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in CFS groupbefore the step movement. However, 11 differential metabolitesin CFS group were selected out after exercise, which were nonanedioic acid, methyladenosine, acetylcarnitine, capric acid, corticosterone, creatine, levonorgestrel, pantothenic acid, pyroglutamic acid, xanthosine and xanthurenic acid in sequence, the contents of methyladenosine and creatinewere significantly increased (P<0.05) and the contents of the other 9 differentialmetabolites were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)compared with the control group.The 15 differential metabolites mentioned above were input MetPA database in order to analyze the metabolic pathways weighted score.The results showed that the arginine-proline metabolism pathway disordersweredetected in theCFS group before exercise, the marker metabolite wascreatine. And 3 metabolic pathwaysdisorder weredetectedin the CFS groupafter exercise, which were arginine-proline metabolism, biosynthesis of pantothenic acid and CoA, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the marker metabolites, in turn, werecreatine, pantothenic acid and corticosterone. CONCLUSIONS: The disorder of arginine-proline metabolic pathway is detected in CFS middle school students before exercise intervention. After exercise, it can be detected that the steroid hormone biosynthetic metabolic pathway, pantothenic acid and CoA metabolic pathways also have metabolic disorders.

Novel functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) microspheres for the solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides/glycoproteins.

Novel 3-aminophenylboronic acid functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) microspheres were prepared for the solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides/glycoproteins. The adsorption efficiency, maximum adsorption capacity, and specific recognition of the microspheres to glycoprotein were investigated. The results indicated excellent adsorption of glycoproteins by the microspheres, which are attributed to the well-defined boronic acid brushes on the microsphere surfaces. Furthermore, a solid-phase extraction microcolumn filled with the microspheres was used to efficiently enrich glycopeptides from enzymatic hydrolysates from human serum samples. The mass spectrometry results demonstrated that the method is suitable for the separation and enrichment of glycopeptides/glycoproteins from complex biological samples.

A prepared anti-MSTN polyclonal antibody reverses insulin resistance of diet-induced obese rats via regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR&FoxO1 signal pathways.

Suppression of myostatin (MSTN) is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms by which MSTN regulates insulin resistance are not well known. We have explored the signaling pathways through which MSTN regulates insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats using a polyclonal antibody for MSTN. The anti-MSTN polyclonal antibody significantly improved insulin resistance and whole-body insulin sensitivity, decreased MSTN protein expression in muscle samples by 39% in diet-induced obese rats. Furthermore, the anti-MSTN polyclonal antibody significantly enhanced PI3K activity (140%), Akt phosphorylation (86%), GLUT4 protein expression (23%), the phosphorylation of mTOR (21%), and inhibited the phosphorylation of FoxO1 (57%), but did not affect the phosphorylation of GSK-3ß. Thus, suppression of MSTN by the anti-MSTN polyclonal antibody reverses insulin resistance of diet-induced obesity via MSTN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MSTN/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathways.