ABSTRACT
Congruent vaporization is a process that yields constant vapor species. Ti(2)O(3) was continuously electron-beam evaporated to produce titanium oxide thin films. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was employed to study the evolution of the composition of these films. It seems that congruent vaporization can be established in a coating plant. TiO(2) films produced by conventional reactive deposition tend to contain mixtures of titanium oxides. Increasing the transmission of TiO(2) films becomes an issue of increasing the TiO(2) component in the films by adequate reactive evaporation.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Creatinine/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Interleukin-2/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
An iterative algorithm has been developed that takes starting values derived by an envelope method but then minimizes the influence of the envelopes and emphasizes the actual measured data. This combination avoids the difficulties inherent in the accurate drawing of the envelopes and makes it possible to extract the thickness and the optical constants of semiconducting and dielectric films over a wide spectral region, including regions of high absorption.
ABSTRACT
The effects of 14 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--naproxen, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen, indomethacin, fenoprofen, diclofenac sodium, aspirin, salicylic acid, piroxicam, sulindac, fenbufen, flurbiprofen and benzydamine, on the plasma protein binding of thiopental and the clinical consequences of such interactions were studied. Four of them, naproxen, ibuprofen, salicylic acid and aspirin, very significantly decreased the protein binding of thiopental in vitro in human plasma (P < 0.005). Structurally, they were salicylates and propionic acid derivatives among the six classes of NSAIDs studied. The aspirin study demonstrated that the protein-displacing phenomenon was temperature-dependent, and concentration-dependent. Clinically, aspirin administered intravenously resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of plasma free thiopental from 16.01 +/- 3.59% to 22.27 +/- 3.96% (P < 0.001, n = 10) in patients undergoing surgery, and resulted in three of seven patients sleeping again during recovery from thiopental-induced anesthesia. Although the effect of chronic use of NSAIDs before anesthesia is uncertain, studies should be carried out to find out if naproxen, ibuprofen, and aspirin influence the depth of anesthesia, time of recovery and duration of action of thiopental.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Aspirin/pharmacology , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Hypnotics and Sedatives/blood , Thiopental/blood , Adult , Female , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacokinetics , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Ibuprofen/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Naproxen/pharmacology , Protein Binding/drug effects , Salicylates/pharmacology , Salicylic Acid , Sleep , Temperature , Thiopental/pharmacokinetics , Thiopental/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The short-circuit current density of a solar cell is used as a merit function to optimize solar cell antireflection coating designs. J(sc)/J(max) ratios reach 99%, even with a 10-nm-thick passivation layer.