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1.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 27 Suppl 2: 214-9, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23647139

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidences have suggested that larger utensils may provoke 'size-contrast illusions', influencing the perceived volume and food consumption. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of plate size on the visual estimate of food portion size. METHODS: Two 400 g portions of pasta with tomato sauce were presented on two plates of different diameters (24.0 and 9.0 cm). Each participant visually estimated on an individual basis the quantities of the pasta portions (g) present on each plate. In addition, each subject classified the size of the portions on each plate as 'small', 'medium' and 'large'. The mean estimates of the amount of pasta on each plate were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney. The differences in the frequencies of portion classifications between plates were evaluated by the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Forty-eight students (average 25.8 ± 8.9 years) participated in the study. There was no difference in the median amount of pasta estimated for the large and small plates (150 g; range 50-500 and 115 g; range 40-500 g, respectively). The classification of the portion size as 'large' was reported by a significantly greater number of persons when they evaluated the amount of pasta arranged on the large plate compared to the small plate (47.9 versus 22.9%, respectively; P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: The size of the plate did not influence the estimate of food portions, even though it did influence the classification of portion size.


Subject(s)
Perception , Portion Size , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Intake , Female , Food , Humans , Male , Students , Young Adult
2.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 24(1): 39-46, 2011 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21210872

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fat accumulation in the upper region of the body is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with metabolic complications. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between trunk circumference, metabolic indicators, and abdominal and visceral fat in obese PCOS women. METHODS: The weight, fat mass, and subcutaneous arm fat (SAF) of 30 obese PCOS women and 15 healthy controls matched for age and body mass index were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Trunk (TrC), neck (NC) and hip circumferences were measured, and the trunk/hip (Tr/H) ratio was determined. Total abdominal fat (TAF), visceral fat (VF) and trunk fat (TrF) were determined by computed tomography. Biochemical evaluation included glycaemia, insulinaemia, testosterone and lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by the QUICKI index. RESULTS: In the PCOS group, there were positive correlations between NC and TAF (r = 0.49, P < 0.0006), TrC and VF (r = 0.62, P = 0.01), and NC and VF (r = 0.70, P < 0.0002). There was good correlation between TrC and TrF (r = 0.69, P = 0.003). TrF correlated with triglycerides levels positively (r = 0.44, P = 0.02). Women with PCOS and IR had a larger quantity of VF and TrF, but a smaller amount of SAF. Within the PCOS group, women with Tr/H ratio above the median had higher basal insulin levels and lower QUICKI indices compared to women presenting a Tr/H ratio below the median. CONCLUSIONS: TrC is associated with important metabolic variables in PCOS, proving to be a valuable and innovative tool for assessment of body adiposity distribution in obese PCOS women.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Body Composition/physiology , Obesity/metabolism , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Electric Impedance , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Obesity/complications , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/blood , Young Adult
3.
Dig Dis Sci ; 54(3): 627-33, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18633707

ABSTRACT

In order to increase dietary folic acid intake and to improve nutritional status regarding folate by controlling homocysteine concentrations, ten patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease in the colon and ulcerative colitis) received individualized nutritional guidance and were followed up as outpatients for 2 months. The following procedures were performed at the beginning of the study (T0), after 1 month (T1) and at the end of the study (T2): collection of anthropometric data (weight and height), dietary data (24 h diet recall), and blood under fasting condition for the determination of serum folic acid, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and vitamin B12. Plasma folic acid deficiency was not detected but hyperhomocysteinemia was present in six individuals and C-reactive protein (CRP) was increased (>0.5 mg/dl) in seven patients. After the patients were instructed there was a significant increase in vitamin B6 intake (about 35%) and in folate intake (49.6%). Mean plasma levels of folic acid, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 did not change, but there was a significant decrease of CRP at T1, 0.36 mg dl(-1) on average (P = 0.01), which was maintained at T2. We conclude that the increased folate intake reported by this group of patients was not reflected in improved serum concentrations of folic acid and homocysteine. However, the guidelines for the patients probably induced them to choose a more adequate diet, providing nutrients that help control the inflammatory process.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Homocysteine/blood , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diet therapy , Adult , Anthropometry , Diet , Female , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status , Vitamin B 12/blood , Young Adult
4.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 36(11): 929-35, 1998 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9771554

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the effects of a necrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) on vitamin E-deficient and vitamin E-supplemented rats, a single dose of the drug (200 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally at the end of 10 weeks of treatment with the diets. The hepatic necrosis and lipoperoxidation provoked by DEN were evaluated 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after the injection and were found to be more intense in the deficient group (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS): 5.20 +/- 1.48 nmol/mg protein; necrosis volume: 68.99 +/- 8.36%; P < 0.05) during the second period. Also, in the same group and during the same period, mean plasma and hepatic vitamin E concentrations and mean liver glutathione concentration were the lowest detected, suggesting the occurrence of antioxidant consumption due to the toxic action of DEN. In contrast to vitamin E deficiency, which permitted the drug to exert stronger toxic effects, 20-fold supplementation with vitamin E did not provide additional protection against the lipoperoxidation and necrosis provoked by DEN (P < 0.05). The results suggest that other mechanisms in addition to lipoperoxidation provoked by free radicals originating from the metabolism of nitrosamines by the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymatic system may be involved in the hepatotoxic action of these substances.


Subject(s)
Carcinogens/toxicity , Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Vitamin E Deficiency/etiology , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Animals , Carcinogens/administration & dosage , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Diet , Diethylnitrosamine/administration & dosage , Free Radicals , Glutathione/analysis , Glutathione/metabolism , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Necrosis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Vitamin E/blood , Vitamin E Deficiency/therapy
5.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 47(1): 34-7, 1997 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9429638

ABSTRACT

The regulation of normal oxidative balance include the maintenance of adequate levels of dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of three different dietary levels of vitamin E (normal, supplemented 20 times higher and deficient) on plasma and liver lipid peroxidation, assayed by determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E in plasma and liver and hepatic reduced glutathione. Administration of dietary vitamin E caused a dose-dependent increase in liver and plasma concentration of this vitamin to 42.11 micrograms/g liver and 29.52 mumol/l respectively, in the supplemented group, and a low concentration of TBARS, 0.67 nmol/mg protein, in liver. The group receiving the diet without vitamin E showed high values of hepatic TBARS, 2.95 nmol/mg protein, and low values of reduced glutathione and reduced concentration of hepatic and plasma vitamin E (1.75 micrograms/g liver and 3.67 mumol/l, respectively). In conclusion, the vitamin E deficiency alone induces the liver lipid peroxidation in rats, and maintenance of adequate or higher vitamin E levels acts as a protective factor against free radical generation.


Subject(s)
Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Vitamin E/pharmacology , Animals , Liver/drug effects , Male , Plasma/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
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